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Shoring, underpinning and scaffolding are used in building construction to support and strengthen the structure. Definition of these with types of shoring is discussed in this article.Contents:
What is shoring?
Shoring is a general term used in construction to describe the process of supporting a structure in order to prevent collapse so that construction can proceed. The phrase can also be used as a noun to refer to the materials used in the process.
 Uses of Shoring in Building Construction
Shoring is used to support the beams and floors in a building while a column or wall is removed. In this situation vertical supports are used as a temporary replacement for the building columns or walls. Trenches - During excavation, shoring systems provide safety for workers in a trench and speed excavation. In this case, shoring should not be confused with shielding. Shoring is designed to prevent collapse where shielding is only designed to protect workers when collapses occur. concrete structures shoring, in this case also referred to as falsework, provides temporary support until the concrete becomes hard and achieves the desired strength to support loads.Shoring Techniques in Building Construction
Raking Shore
Raking Shores consist of one or more timbers sloping between the face of the structure to be supported and the ground. The most effective support is given if the raker meets the wall at an angle of 60 to 70 degrees. A wall-plate is typically used to increase the area of support.Hydraulic Shoring
Hydraulic shoring is the use of hydraulic pistons that can be pumped outward until they press up against the trench walls. They are typically combined with steel plate or plywood, either being 1-1/8" thick plywood, or special heavy Finland Form (FINFORM) 7/8" thick.Beam and Plate
Beam and Plate steel I-beams are driven into the ground and steel plates are slid in amongst them. A similar method that uses wood planks is called soldier boarding. Hydraulics tend to be faster and easier; the other methods tend to be used for longer term applications or larger excavations.Soil Nailing
Soil nailing is a technique in which soil slopes, excavations or retaining walls are reinforced by the insertion of relatively slender elements - normally steel reinforcing bars. The bars are usually installed into a pre-drilled hole and then grouted into place or drilled and grouted simultaneously. They are usually installed untensioned at a slight downward inclination. A rigid or flexible facing (often sprayed concrete) or isolated soil nail heads may be used at the surface.Continuous Flight Augering
Continuous Flight Augering (CFA) is a method used to create concrete piles to support soil so that excavation can take place nearby. A Continuous Flight Augering drill is used to excavate a hole and concrete is injected through a hollow shaft under pressure as the auger is extracted. This creates a continuous pile without ever leaving an open hole. Read More on Shoring and Types of Shoring in ConstructionWhat is underpinning?
Underpinning is the process of strengthening and stabilizing the foundation of an existing building or other structure.
Underpinning in Building Construction
Underpinning may be necessary for a variety of reasons:- The original foundation is simply not strong or stable enough, e.g. due to decay of wooden piles under the foundation.
- The usage of the structure has changed.
- The properties of the soil supporting the foundation may have changed (possibly through subsidence) or were mischaracterized during planning.
- The construction of nearby structures necessitates the excavation of soil supporting existing foundations.
- It is more economical, due to land price or otherwise, to work on the present structure's foundation than to build a new one.
