A theodolite is an instrument used to determine the relative position of points on the earth’s surface by measuring the horizontal and vertical angles. Theodolites can be either digital or non-digital types. Digital theodolites are more convenient and accurate as ...
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How to Maintain Survey Equipment used in Construction? [PDF]
In construction, survey equipment is used to cover a wide range of applications right from surveys, construction supervision, to heavy engineering precision manufacturing applications. The majority of its functions are utilized at job sites, exposing it to different environmental and ...
What is Digital Elevation Model? [PDF]
A digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3-dimensional illustration of a surface, typically a terrain region. It’s a grid-based structure having array numbers oriented to depict the terrain attributes such as slopes or aspect values. In simple terms, it is ...
Application of Lasers in Highway Engineering [PDF]
In this era of technology, the use of lasers has a very vast application in highway engineering. It is used for various purposes like road profiling, pavement surface deflection, bridge deflection, speed checkers, etc. These techniques have eased human efforts ...
Preliminary Works in Construction [PDF]
Preliminary works refer to all the activities that are involved in a construction site before the actual work commences, such as demolition, site clearance, site survey, soil survey, planning, designing, and cost estimation. In this article, we briefly discuss all ...
Azimuths and Bearings in Surveying-Difference & Determination
Azimuths and bearings are horizontal angles measured to represent or locate a line with respect to a meridian. Here, the important features of azimuth and bearing in surveying along with their comparison are explained briefly. What is Azimuth in Surveying? ...
Advantages and Disadvantages of Plane Table Survey
Plane table surveying is a graphical method of surveying in which both the fieldwork and plotting are done simultaneously using a plane table. The main advantage of plane table surveying is that the topographic features to be mapped are in ...
Tape Corrections in Chain Surveying
The chain surveying performed by a tape is expected to have some errors due to incorrect tape measurements. In ordinary chaining works, the errors are neglected. But for important and precise survey works in construction, accurate tape corrections are provided. ...