Plain concrete footing or pedestal is a shallow foundation designed to take small loads from columns without using longitudinal tension steel. These are the most economical forms of shallow foundation. To sustain temperature and shrinkage stresses, the standard codes recommend ...
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World Trade Center: Reasons Behind the Failure of Building After 9/11 Attack
The World Trade Center (WTC) complex was composed of seven buildings (WTC-1 to WTC-7) on a site toward the southwest tip of Manhattan Island. The two buildings, WTC-1 and WTC-2 built in the early 1970s, were 110 stories high, dwarfing ...
Can the Net-Zero Carbon Concrete Replace the Conventional one?
Production of concrete is known to emit a lot of CO2– it contributes to a whopping 8% of the global emissions. However, engineers haven’t been able to find a suitable replacement for this building material. Given the hazardous impact of ...
Voided Concrete Slab System: Its Working, Properties, and Advantages
A voided concrete slab is a system that removes the non-working or excess concrete from the structural slab and replaces it with void formers. The voided slab system was invented by Jorgan Breuning of Denmark about 20 years ago. One ...
Rework in Construction: Its Sources and Causes
Rework is an activity in the field that is required to be repeated or undertaken again after completion of a work due to some impending correction that was necessary to be carried out during the execution of the project. In ...
Louvre Pyramid: The Gigantic Glass Structure in France
The Louvre glass pyramid in Paris is an intricate fusion of traditional and modern architecture. It stands at the core of the Cour Napoleon courtyard of the Louvre Museum. Just beneath the pyramid is the lobby that connects the museum’s ...
Hydrodemolition: A Unique Concrete Removal and Surface Preparation Technique
Hydrodemolition, also known as hydroblasting or hydromilling, is a demolition technique used to remove concrete and other materials using high pressure or ultra high-pressure water jet. Compared to conventional demolition tools, hydrodemolition is an effective method to cut down concrete ...
Bandra-Worli Bridge: India’s Longest Cable-Stayed Bridge in the Open Sea
The Bandra-Worli Bridge, now known as the Rajiv Gandhi sea link, is a civil engineering marvel traversing an arc along the coastline of the city of Mumbai. The towers of the cable-stayed bridge rise gracefully towards the sky, manifesting the ...
What are the Factors Controlling the Distance Between RCC Columns?
There is no specific rule to determine the desired distance between reinforced concrete columns. Factors like architectural considerations, function of the building, and the structure’s load play a significant role in determining an optimum span between two reinforced concrete columns. ...
Big Ben Clock Tower: Ticking with a Tilt
The Big Ben Clock Tower is the British cultural icon and was renamed “Elizabeth Tower” in 2012 to celebrate the diamond jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. Upon its construction in the year 1858, it was the tallest and the largest ...