There are various tests on building stones to know its properties and suitability for various construction works. Tests on building stones provides physical and chemical properties as well as strength and hardness properties. Tests on Building Stones Following are different tests ...
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Typical Detailing of Reinforcements in Beams and Slabs
Detailing of reinforcements in beams and slabs plays an important role in providing strength, durability and cost optimization. Reinforcement details of concrete beams and slabs should specify clearly about cover to reinforcement, length of reinforcement, curtailment of reinforcement, number and ...
Determination of Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregates
Specific gravity of fine aggregate (sand) is the ratio of the weight of given volume of aggregates to the weight of equal volume of water. The specific gravity of sands is considered to be around 2.65. Apparatus for Specific Gravity ...
Different Types of Levels Used for Leveling in Surveying
Levels are the different instruments used for leveling in surveying. There are various types of levels such as dumpy level, Y level, cushing’s level, tilting level, cooke’s reversible level and automatic level instruments for leveling in surveying. The process of ...
What Factors Affect Selection of Foundation for Buildings?
Factors which affect selection of foundation for a building can be many from the soil conditions to the type of structure and loads from the building. All the factors are considered during selection of foundation for durable building construction. Factors ...
Types of Shear Failure of Foundation on Soils
Types of shear failure of foundation soils Depending on the stiffness of foundation soil and depth of foundation, the following are the modes of shear failure experienced by the foundation soil. General shear failure (Fig.1(a)) Local shear failure (Fig.1(b)) Punching ...
Modern Methods of Construction -Details and Applications
Modern construction methods involves proper planning and design to reduce construction time, cost and maintains overall sustainability of each project.
Methods of Detailed Construction Estimation Preparation
The preparations of detailed construction estimate consist of working out quantities of various items of work and then determine the cost of each item. This is prepared in two stages. Methods of Detailed Construction Estimation Preparation i) Details of measurements ...
Permeability of Soil by Constant Head Permeameter – Objectives & Procedure
Constant Head Permeability Test The constant head permeability test is a laboratory experiment conducted to determine the permeability of soil. The soils that are suitable for this tests are sand and gravels. Soils with silt content cannot be tested with ...
Demolition Methods and Process for Building Structures
Demolition of buildings and structures are required for various reasons. Demolition methods and processes for buildings and other structures are described.