Repair of Concrete Columns for Cracks and Damages Before starting the repair of a concrete column, the axial dead load, axial live load, horizontal load and its associated moments must be known. Repairs to concrete columns can be divided into ...
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Building Materials for Low Cost Housing Construction
Use of low cost building materials for construction of low cost housing provides building access to poor. Types of low cost building materials are discussed.
What are the Needs and Functions of Pile Foundation?
When it becomes impossible to provide the suitable surface foundation for a structure; the use of pile foundations becomes necessary, this situation arose from either the soil condition or the order of bottom layers, the nature of the loads transferred ...
ANALYSIS OF TRUSS WITH EXAMPLES
Learn truss analysis methods with examples. Analysis of truss by the methods of joints and by the methods of section is explained in the article. We know the basics of equilibrium of bodies; we will now discuss the trusses that ...
IS CODES FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN
Indian standard code for structural steel design for all types of structures are given below. These are the codes which can be referred during design of steel structures. Following are the codes generally used, for any specialized design, any other ...
What are the Types of Frame Structures?
Different types of frame structures are available that have been used in building construction. They are classified into two major types namely rigid frame structure and braced frame structure. These are further divided into various forms for instance the former ...
Difference between Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen demand (BOD) are the two main characteristic properties that indicate the strength of sewage. Both the parameters test the oxygen-demanding strength of the wastewaters. The basic features of COD, BOD and their basic ...
Traversing in Surveying – Types and Methods
A traverse is a series of connected lines whose lengths and directions are to be measured and the process of surveying to find such measurements is known as traversing. In general, chains are used to measure length and compass or ...
Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Footings, Columns and Beams
Measurement of reinforced concrete works such as foundation, columns, beams, slabs pedestal are needed for calculation of actual cost of construction and payment to the contractor. This article provides guidelines for the measurement including formulas for the calculation of quantities of ...
Evaporation and its Methods of Measurement
What is Evaporation and How it Occurs? Before rainfall reaches the outlet of a basin as runoff, certain demands of the catchment such as interception, depression storage and infiltration have to be met. Besides these, evaporation and transpiration processes transfer ...