Reinforcement bar or reinforcement steel, widely known as rebar, is a steel bar that is used in masonry and concrete structures to reinforce and strengthen the concrete in tension. Generally, all types of rebars have more or less the same ...
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What are the Types of Cladding Installation Systems?
Cladding is an envelope that protects the exterior of a structure by acting as a shield to the dwelling unit/structure from environmental elements. A cladding should be able to tame inclement weather conditions like torrential rains and heavy winds, preventing ...
What are the Materials Used for Ferrocement Construction?
Ferrocement is a thin-walled reinforced concrete formed by small-diameter wire meshes placed uniformly throughout the cross-section in cement mortar. Its tensile strength-to-weight ratio is very high compared to reinforced concrete, showing a superior cracking behavior. Though ferrocement is not a sustainable ...
How to Assess the Severity of Damage for an Existing Structure? [PDF]
The assessment of the severity of structural damage is based on several criteria such as crack width, differential settlement, and angular rotation of foundation. The extents of damages in a building can be divided into six different categories, namely, negligible, ...
How to Determine Number of Passes and Lift Thickness for Soil Compaction? [PDF]
The calculation of the number of passes for compactors and lift (soil layer) thickness for soil is critical to attain the required degree of compaction. Generally, the lift thickness varies between 15-30cm based on soil type, and the majority of ...
How to Maintain Survey Equipment used in Construction? [PDF]
In construction, survey equipment is used to cover a wide range of applications right from surveys, construction supervision, to heavy engineering precision manufacturing applications. The majority of its functions are utilized at job sites, exposing it to different environmental and ...
How to Improve Rock Quality and Stability? [PDF]
Unweathered and sound rocks are always considered as an ideal base for building foundations. But in the case of unfavorable rock conditions at any location, if the loads transferred by the columns fail to reach the underlying strata, heavy structural ...
How to Select Compaction Machine Based on Soil Type? [PDF]
Soil compaction is the removal of voids in soil by applying static or vibratory vertical forces, resulting in higher soil density that can withstand greater loads. Various types of compaction machinery are available that can be selected for any given ...
10 Construction Challenges in High-Rise Buildings [PDF]
A high-rise building is a building with a small footprint, small roof area, and immense facades. High-rise buildings have the potential to decongest urban sprawl as they can deal with high-density issues and lack of available land for development. The ...
What are the Products of Cement Hydration? [PDF]
The chemical reaction which takes place between cement and water is known as hydration of cement. This reaction is exothermic in nature, which means heat is released during the reaction, and the evolved heat is called as heat of hydration. ...