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Which are the best mobile applications useful to civil engineers for doing construction calculations and measurements?
What are the alternate building blocks which can used in place of ordinary building stones and bricks?
Fly ash bricks can be used in place of ordinary building stones and bricks which is a good one but the main defect is that fly ash bricks are regional.
Fly ash bricks can be used in place of ordinary building stones and bricks which is a good one but the main defect is that fly ash bricks are regional.
See lessWhat is the difference between Water Content and Lod?
Water content is determined by the Karl Fischer titration method and it consists of only water i.e moisture content. ... Loss on drying (LOD) is determined by heating the sample below its melting point in an oven and it includes all volatile matter including water content and solvents.
Water content is determined by the Karl Fischer titration method and it consists of only water i.e moisture content. … Loss on drying (LOD) is determined by heating the sample below its melting point in an oven and it includes all volatile matter including water content and solvents.
See lessWhen should we opt for continuous footing?
A continuous footing is the one which supports more than two columns. This footing is also called as strip footing and is analogous to the strip footing for wall. The loads from the individual columns are transferred either directly to the footing slab, or through a longitudinal beam running longituRead more
A continuous footing is the one which supports more than two columns. This footing is also called as strip footing and is analogous to the strip footing for wall. The loads from the individual columns are transferred either directly to the footing slab, or through a longitudinal beam running longitudinally when the loads are heavy.
See lessWhy shrinkage is more in the Singly Reinforced section as compare to doubly Reinforced Section in RCC? Please give a detailed reason for what happens due to the uneven Distribution of Steel bars in the RCC section.
Analyzing the problem from a theoretical point of view, “Shrinkage” essentially means that the concrete is trying to shrink which is on account of the chemical interaction between various constituents of concrete like cement, water and aggregates. Now providing reinforcement steel in a way holds theRead more
Analyzing the problem from a theoretical point of view, “Shrinkage” essentially means that the concrete is trying to shrink which is on account of the chemical interaction between various constituents of concrete like cement, water and aggregates. Now providing reinforcement steel in a way holds the concrete together by way of restraining it and hence reduces the shrinkage.
Also, Shrinkage and temperature cracks have reasonably comparable behaviour.
Let us take a formula based approach to understand the relationship between shrinkage or temperature or shrinkage cracks and the reinforcement provided.
As per Cl. A-1.4, IS 3370 Part-II,
Smax = (Fct/Fb) x D / (2 x SR)
And
Wmax = Smax x Alpha x (T1+T2) x 0.5
Wmax is the crack width, which is quantity of interest here
From the above, we can deduce that all other variables being made constant valued,
Wmax is directly proportional to Smax.
Smax is inversely proportional to SR
It implies Wmax is inversely proportional to SR
So, if we want lesser shrinkage/temperature cracks, we have to increase this variable SR.
Now, this SR = Steel ratio = Percentage of steel provided / 100
Therefore, it is clear that, if we provide greater reinforcement, SR increases, Smax increases and Wmax decreases.
Since singly reinforced section has less reinforcement steel than a doubly reinforced section, shrinkage/temperature cracking is more in a singly reinforced section.
See lessWhich type of foundation should be used in the places such as i) Coastal Area ii) Sloping ground
Hi, Raised Foundations(RF) Raised type of foundations is used in coastal areas because receives large amounts of rain to flooding. RF requires crucial planning because they are able to support the home and walls also provide protection from moisture. 2 types of RF: 1.Pier & Beam raised foundatioRead more
Hi,
Raised Foundations(RF) Raised type of foundations is used in coastal areas because receives large amounts of rain to flooding. RF requires crucial planning because they are able to support the home and walls also provide protection from moisture. 2 types of RF:
1.Pier & Beam raised foundation
2. Stem wall raised foundation
See lessWhy does the modulus of elasticity of concrete reduce with time?
The Modulus of Elasticity reduces with time because of the effect of creep. Creep is the phenomenon that occurs in hardened concrete over time, where for constant load or stress, deformation increases. Keeping that in mind, let us look at the definition of modulus of elasticity of concrete. It is thRead more
The Modulus of Elasticity reduces with time because of the effect of creep. Creep is the phenomenon that occurs in hardened concrete over time, where for constant load or stress, deformation increases.
Keeping that in mind, let us look at the definition of modulus of elasticity of concrete. It is the slope of the initial tangent modulus of the stress-strain curve of concrete.
The above graph shows the stress-strain curve of the concrete at an early stage.
Due to creep, for a given load/stress, deformation increases, thereby strain increases. This has been explained in the following graph.
As a result, the slope of the curve reduces and becomes like this.
As the curve descends, the slope of the initial tangent modulus of the stress-strain curve of concrete reduces.
As a result, the modulus of elasticity also reduces.
Thank you!
See lessWhy is propping required for long structures once the formwork is removed?
When the sufficient strength is attained for the long span concrete structures to support their self weight, creep deflection may occur in these structures if propping is not provided after the removal of formwork. Hence repropping is carried out after removing formwork and thus these props should nRead more
When the sufficient strength is attained for the long span concrete structures to support their self weight, creep deflection may occur in these structures if propping is not provided after the removal of formwork. Hence repropping is carried out after removing formwork and thus these props should not be allowed to stand too long because creep loads may overstress them.
See less
nikeetasharma
Some of the best mobile applications for the civil engineering for calculation and measurements are as follows :- 1. AutoCAD-DWG Viewer and Editor 2. My Civil CalC 3. Civil Sutra 4. Civil Engineering Dictionary Offline 5. Civil Engineering MCQs
Some of the best mobile applications for the civil engineering for calculation and measurements are as follows :-
See less1. AutoCAD-DWG Viewer and Editor
2. My Civil CalC
3. Civil Sutra
4. Civil Engineering Dictionary Offline
5. Civil Engineering MCQs