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Asked: May 27, 2020In: Foundation

What is the difference between Gray Water and Black Water in Sewers?

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
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What is the difference between gray water and black water in sewage? How can we differentiate between them in a sewer?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 19, 2020 at 10:53 pm
    This answer was edited.
    What is the difference between Gray Water and Black Water in Sewers?

    Difference between Black Water and greywater: Black Water: Blackwater is the best water from bathrooms and toilets that contains faecal matter and urine. Waterproof kitchens and dishwashers are also considered Black Water due to the contamination of pathogens. It is also referred to as she waits forRead more

    Difference between Black Water and greywater:


    Black Water:

    • Blackwater is the best water from bathrooms and toilets that contains faecal matter and urine.

    • Waterproof kitchens and dishwashers are also considered Black Water due to the contamination of pathogens.

    • It is also referred to as she waits for groundwater and can carry diseases and bacteria both of which could be harmful.

    Treatment of blackwater:

    • The biological or chemical treatment and infection are required for treating Black Water.

    Greywater:

    • Greywater is the best water that comes from sinks, washing machines, bathtubs and showers.

    • Greywater contains a very low level of contamination and making it easier to treat and process.

    • Recycled greywater is commonly used in irrigation and constructed wetlands as long as no harmful chemicals are present.

    Treatment of Greywater

    • Greywater can be reused in cartoons with little or no treatment subsurface irrigation system to evenly spread water around in the garden.

    • This method is very safe for treated greywater.

    Thank you.

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Asked: July 13, 2020In: Construction

Explain the Seasoning of Stone?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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Explain the Seasoning of Stone?  

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on September 22, 2020 at 1:54 pm

    Seasoning of stone : Generally, the action of having various changes in different seasons on the stone which are drying and wetting of stone which gradually forms the crack in stones which leads to the action of weathering action and forms inorganic small size materials is called seasoning of stone.Read more

    Seasoning of stone :

    Generally, the action of having various changes in different seasons on the stone which are drying and wetting of stone which gradually forms the crack in stones which leads to the action of weathering action and forms inorganic small size materials is called seasoning of stone.

    Seasoning refers to both drying and wetting cycles on one hand, and airing of stone, on the other hand. Dehydration during seasoning is more or less an irreversible process. Thus seasoning applied mainly to soft limestone; hard limestone seems to less affected by it. Stones have natural moisture, known as quarry sap. This quarry sap renders the stone blocks comparatively soft and makes them easy for working. Immediately after quarrying, a stone is soft and is easy to work with it so sized and primarily dressed, but polishing requires a fully seasoned and hardened stone.

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Asked: May 28, 2020In: Construction

What is the Importance of Expansion Joints on Concrete Bridge Decks?

amr soliman
amr soliman

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what is the importance of expansion joints on concrete bridge decks?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on November 24, 2020 at 5:11 pm

    The importance of expansion joints on concrete bridge deck is that they are designed to allow for continuous traffic between structures while accommodating movement, shrinkage and temperature variations on reinforced and prestressed concrete, composite and steel structures.

    The importance of expansion joints on concrete bridge deck is that they are designed to allow for continuous traffic between structures while accommodating movement, shrinkage and temperature variations on reinforced and prestressed concrete, composite and steel structures.

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Asked: July 24, 2020In: Construction

What is meant by Skin Reinforcement?

CB Sowmya
CB Sowmya

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What is meant by Skin Reinforcement?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on December 18, 2020 at 4:00 pm

    To safeguard against crack formation, skin reinforcement is designed on the side faces of deep beams to limit the formation of flexural crack widths. Though the principal function of skin reinforcement is to control crack width, it may be employed for providing bending resistance of the section.

    To safeguard against crack formation, skin reinforcement is designed on the side faces of deep beams to limit the formation of flexural crack widths. Though the principal function of skin reinforcement is to control crack width, it may be employed for providing bending resistance of the section.

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Asked: July 15, 2020In: Geotechnical Engineering

Which type of soil is present in desert?

vivek gami
vivek gami

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Which type of soil is present in desert?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on December 18, 2020 at 8:32 pm

    Most of the desert soils are called Aridisols.

    Most of the desert soils are called Aridisols.

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Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction Site Related

What Reinforcements are used in the Process of Prestressing?

DevilAVRT
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What Reinforcements are used in the Process of Prestressing?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 19, 2020 at 11:49 pm
    This answer was edited.
    What Reinforcements are used in the Process of Prestressing?

    Reinforcements used in the process of prestressing: Especially in case of prestressing, we are using strands of Steel and it's called tendons. Tendons are made of high strength Steel. Three major types of reinforcements which are used in Prestressing: Spalling R/f Equilibrium R/f Bursting R/f CombinRead more

    Reinforcements used in the process of prestressing:

    Especially in case of prestressing, we are using strands of Steel and it’s called tendons.


    Tendons are made of high strength Steel.


    Three major types of reinforcements which are used in Prestressing:

    1. Spalling R/f
    2. Equilibrium R/f
    3. Bursting R/f

    Combination of reducing the structural thickness reduced conventional reinforcements quantities and fast construction often results in un prestressed structure.


    Thank You.  

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Asked: July 13, 2020In: Construction

What is the object of pointing? Describe the operation of pointing.

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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What is the object of pointing? Describe the operation of pointing.

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on September 30, 2020 at 6:49 pm

    Pointing :- It is the art of finishing the mortar joints in the exposed brick or stone masonry with suitable cement or lime mortar, in order to protect the joints from weather effects and also to improve the appearance of building structure. Pointing is a type of front of the house exposed finish onRead more

    Pointing :- It is the art of finishing the mortar joints in the exposed brick or stone masonry with suitable cement or lime mortar, in order to protect the joints from weather effects and also to improve the appearance of building structure. Pointing is a type of front of the house exposed finish on masonry work.

    Object of pointing :- The main object of the pointing is to maintaining the joints of the structures. Pointing being cheap can be adopted in places of low rainfall. Pointing gives resisting power to the bricks and stones used in construction towards weather conditions.

    Operation of pointing :-
    1. All the mortar joints (on the masonry face required to be pointed) are raked out by a special pointing tool to a depth of 15 to 20 mm, so as to provide an adequate key for the fresh mortar used for pointing.
    2. All the loose mortar and dust are removed by brushes.
    3. The joints and wall surface are washed with clean water, and then kept wet for few hours. The joints so prepared, are filled with suitable mortar with a small trowel.
    4. The mortar is well presses into the joints to form a close contact with the old interior mortar joints and all excess mortar sticking to the sides are scraped away.
    5. The finished pointing work is kept wet for about 3 days when lime mortar is used for pointing and for 10 days when cement mortar is used for pointing.

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Asked: May 16, 2020In: Concrete

Materials Used in Sustainable Concrete?

mekilee
mekilee

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I want to learn which materials are generally used in sustainable concrete and why.

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

    AdityaBhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 11, 2020 at 2:06 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Hi, This is one of the most important topics of today's construction. To make construction sustainable and durable is the need for the present scenario. yes, there are some of the original techniques such as manufacturing of concrete with recycled rubber tyre, using a recycled mud from a treatment sRead more

    Hi,

    This is one of the most important topics of today’s construction. To make construction sustainable and durable is the need for the present scenario. yes, there are some of the original techniques such as manufacturing of concrete with recycled rubber tyre, using a recycled mud from a treatment sewage plant for making bricks, mixing of sand dust(generated from sawmills, pruning etc), making of bricks from sand dust, uses of vegetable fibres example Bamboo, coconut that can be mixed with cement and it also works as a strengthening agent and insulators.

    1. Timber is a material that has the lowest mental impact from its production process and life cycle.

    To achieve a sustainable construction we must have to put an end to close bad long-lasting habits of squandering natural resources.

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