Corrugation and shoving are two defects that usually occur in flexible pavements. Weak sub-grade conditions, improper rolling, poor mixing, temperature effect of bitumen, and weak bottom layers are different causes of corrugation and shoving in flexible pavements. What is Corrugation? ...
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Concrete Delamination- Causes, Effects, and Precautions
Concrete delamination is the detachment of thin layers of concrete from the concrete surface. The peeled-out concrete surface then becomes prone to all kind of abraders in the atmosphere which consequently weaken the structure. It, therefore, becomes extremely essential to ...
How to Repair Active Cracks in Concrete?
Active cracks in concrete are live cracks which expand in length, width, and depth over time. These cracks are formed due to overloading and thermal expansion e.g. cracks due to freeze-thaw. Common methods to repair active cracks are drilling and ...
Frost Heave – How It Works, Effects, and Prevention
Frost heave is an upward swelling of soil due to the formation of ice during freezing conditions. It usually occurs when the freezing temperature penetrates the soil and turns the present moisture into ice thereby generating an upward movement in ...
Concrete Sweating – Phenomenon, Causes and Prevention
Concrete sweating is the phenomena of accumulation of water droplets on the surface of concrete due to the difference in temperature of the outer environment and concrete. A sweating concrete floor can be a real nuisance that can create a ...
Efflorescence on Concrete – Causes, Prevention and Removal
Efflorescence in concrete is a whitish coloured powdered deposition of salts on the concrete surface that is formed due to evaporation of water from the concrete. It is caused when water soluble salts are present in the concrete material, which ...
Concrete Laitance- Causes, Removal, vs Efflorescence
Concrete laitance is a layer of weak and nondurable cement and fine particles originated from aggregate. These materials are moved upward due to movement of moisture (bleeding) through concrete because of the presence of too much mixing water. The quantity ...
Topping Concrete – Work Procedure, Types and Advantages
Topping concrete is defined as a layer of high strength concrete placed on an old, worn out concrete surface to provide a dense, abrasion-resistant surface, to increase structural depth and strength of the base concrete. In this article we study ...