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Why the colour of a civil engineer’s cap is only white?
Neenu S K
Hi, To be more precise, the purpose of helmet color codes is to serve two main objectives: 1. Identification of person and his responsibilities 2. Safety against accidents and falling objects There is a set of standard helmet colors as instructed by the safety law of the region or the country. SomeRead more
Hi,
To be more precise, the purpose of helmet color codes is to serve two main objectives:
1. Identification of person and his responsibilities
2. Safety against accidents and falling objects
There is a set of standard helmet colors as instructed by the safety law of the region or the country. Some variations can occur based on the contractual agreements. Generally,
See less1. White Helmet is for managers, engineers, supervisors, and foremen
2. Blue is for electricians, civil workers, and carpenters
3. Green is for safety officers
4. Red is for firefighters
5. Yellow is for laborers
6. Brown is for welders and workers exposed to heat works
7. Grey is for site visitors
What is Wet Basement?
Neenu S K
A wet basement is formed because of the presence of moisture, molds, or efflorescence in the basement structure. The moisture can enter the basement either from an outside source or from inside sources. The outside sources like improper drainage, flooding, or higher groundwater level can result in tRead more
A wet basement is formed because of the presence of moisture, molds, or efflorescence in the basement structure. The moisture can enter the basement either from an outside source or from inside sources.
The outside sources like improper drainage, flooding, or higher groundwater level can result in the penetration of moisture into the basement structure either through the foundation cracks or through the walls. The inside sources like humidity within the room, pipe leakage, etc would increase the moisture within the interior causing condensation of basement walls and floors.
Extreme cases of moisture and condensation in the basement structure can result in structural damage.
A wet basement can be prevented by keeping water in the surrounding move away from the structure. A proper drainage system, a floor drain, a good landscape grading can help attain this. The use of dehumidifiers, exhaust fans, correction of pipe leaks, etc can help to maintain basement moisture.
See lessWhat are the Main causes of Concrete Deterioration?
Neenu S K
Main Causes of Concrete Deterioration Are: 1. Corrosion of Rebars or Other Embedded Metals Exposure of R.C concrete to chloride ions Exposure to Acidic Environment Exposure to Carbonation Contact between two dissimilar Metals within concrete 2. Freezing and Thawing Expansion of Aggregates Scaling ofRead more
Main Causes of Concrete Deterioration Are:
1. Corrosion of Rebars or Other Embedded Metals
2. Freezing and Thawing
3. Chemical Attack
4. Alkali-Aggregate Action
5. Abrasion or Erosion of Concrete Surfaces
6. Fire and Heat Action
7. Volume Changes
- Plastic Shrinkage Cracks
- Drying Shrinkage Cracks
- Thermal Cracks
See lessWhat Type of Reinforcement is used in Prestressing Concrete?
Neenu S K
Hi, The prestressing steel used for prestressed concrete can take the form of Tendons Cables Wires – (Plain wire and Indented Wire) Strands –(Two-wire, three-wire and seven-wire strand) Bars The types of prestressing steel are: Cold Worked Prestressing steel Stress-relieving prestressing steel StraiRead more
Hi,
The prestressing steel used for prestressed concrete can take the form of
The types of prestressing steel are:
Read More: Specifications of Prestressing Steel in Prestressed Concrete
Difference between Reinforcing Steel and Prestressing Steel
Both R.C.C and Prestressed Concrete employs steel bars or wires in order to sustain tension. But both the types of concrete make use of different steel.
The steel used by R.C.C concrete can be:
The steel used in Prestressed Concrete are wires, strands, solid bars as mentioned above. Prestressed concrete uses high tensile strength steel that is manufactured by increasing the carbon content in steel compared to ordinary mild steel used in R.C.C.
In prestressed concrete, the steel used is tensioned or prestressed. This results in loss of prestress in a range of about 20%. The use of mild steel bars or HYSD bars bring a greater loss than this value. Hence, it is necessary to have high strength tensile bars for prestressed concrete.
Also Read: What is Steel Reinforcement? Types and Properties of Steel Reinforcement?
Regards
See lessDifference between Gross Bearing Capacity and Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil?
Neenu S K
Hi, In gross bearing capacity, the gross load is taken. Loads from the superstructure, self-weight of the foundation, and overburden pressure are the gross loads. Gross bearing capacity value is not taken in design as it is very high. Safe bearing capacity is the bearing capacity value that neglectsRead more
Hi,
In gross bearing capacity, the gross load is taken. Loads from the superstructure, self-weight of the foundation, and overburden pressure are the gross loads. Gross bearing capacity value is not taken in design as it is very high.
Safe bearing capacity is the bearing capacity value that neglects the overburden pressure and stress due to the footing weight. It is obtained by considering the factor of safety, i.e. net load is taken into consideration. More detailed explanation is given below.
GROSS BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL (qu)
NET ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL (qnu)
SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL
- Safe Bearing capacity of soil is obtained after applying the factor of safety.
- It is divided into two:
- Safe Net Bearing Capacity
- Safe Gross Bearing Capacity
- Safe Net Bearing Capacity is defined as the net soil pressure that can be safely applied to the soil considering shear failure alone. It is obtained as qns = Net Ultimate Bearing Capacity (qnu)/Factor of Safety, i.e. qns = qnu/FS
- Safe Gross Bearing Capacity or Safe bearing Capacity is defined as the maximum gross pressure that soil can carry without shear failure. It is given by safe gross bearing capacity qs = qns + γDf
See lessWhat is the difference between Gray Water and Black Water in Sewers?
Neenu S K
Hi, Please find the difference between grey and black water in sewage systems. PARAMETER GREY WATER BLACK WATER Type Contaminated or Used Water have chemicals and no sewage Used water with sewage content. Composition Chemicals – [No fecal contamination] Sewage rich in organic materials, micro-nutrieRead more
Hi,
Please find the difference between grey and black water in sewage systems.
Thank You and Regards
See lessHow to Test Quality of Steel Reinforcement at Construction Site?
Neenu S K
Hi Abhishek, The quality check of the reinforcement bars brought to the site can be performed by following inspection and tests: Compare the manufacturer test certificate. This gives the actual properties. The manufacturer test certificate is issued for a particular lot. Check the grade of the steelRead more
Hi Abhishek,
The quality check of the reinforcement bars brought to the site can be performed by following inspection and tests:
After the above-mentioned inspection, the following tests can be performed on the site as per Indian standard code IS-1786.
Check for mass per meter run
The test involves cutting a 1m length rod from different reinforcement bundles. A minimum of 4 sample bars must be taken to conduct the test. Measure the length of each bar from four sides and take the average. Weigh the bar and record it. For the respective bar, calculate the average weight/m ( Do it for a minimum of 4 samples). Compare the result with the tabulated value of theoretical weight given in IS 1786. Check if the variation observed within the limit as per the standard code.
Bend Test and Rebend Test
In the bend test, the rebar is bend to 180 degrees as per IS 1599 in a mandrel (Mandrel specification as per IS 1786). Check for cracks or rupture on the tension side of the bent bar. If there are no such issues, the rebar has passed the bend test.
In the rebend test, the bar is bend at an angle of 135 degrees. Keep the sample in boiling water for 30 minutes (Boil to 100 degrees). After this, cool the sample. Once cooled, bend it into 157.5 degrees. Check for rupture or cracks. If there is no issue, then the bar has passed the test.
PLEASE CHECK THE SCREENSHOT OF IS-1786.
I hope this helped You,
Regards
See lessWhat are the Benifits of Chemical Resistant Floors, Walls, and Linings?
Neenu S K
Hi amr Soliman, Chemical Resistant Floors, Walls, and Linings own a property to protect them from the attack of acids, alkalis, stains, and corrosion. The main advantages of having this system are: Increase in Durability: A typically constructed floor without any protection against chemical attack iRead more
Hi amr Soliman,
Chemical Resistant Floors, Walls, and Linings own a property to protect them from the attack of acids, alkalis, stains, and corrosion. The main advantages of having this system are:
Thank You
See less