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What is the difference between capping beams and ground beams for pile?
Soumyadeep Halder
first, we have to understand what is that two-term Capping beam The Capping beam is a steel, and a concrete beam that ties all the piling together creates the foundation for the suspended slab and helps to hold the earth and neighboring houses back. The steel reinforcement bars are placed over the tRead more
first, we have to understand what is that two-term
Capping beam
The Capping beam is a steel, and a concrete beam that ties all the piling together creates the foundation for the suspended slab and helps to hold the earth and neighboring houses back.
The steel reinforcement bars are placed over the top of the piling cages with legs designed to the engineer’s specs.
Ground Beam
The Ground Beam is the beam, which is provided usually at the foundation level to support building walls, joists, etc. Typically the ground beams are directly rested on the ground, sometimes they can be supported by end piers
now talk about difference
Capping beams for piles aim at transferring loads from closely spaced columns or walls into a row of piles.
On the other hand, ground beams are beams provided between adjacent pile caps, and they perform as compression struts or ties in an attempt to prevent lateral displacement or buckling of piles under the uneven distribution of loads on pile caps.
Both of them have to be specially designed to cater to differential settlement of piles.
Capping beam performs the same functions as pile caps.
However, ground beams are structural elements to connect adjacent pile caps to improve the stability of the foundation.
See lessWhat are the different types of glasses that can be use in the building construction?
Soumyadeep Halder
the different types of glasses that can be use in the building construction are given below 1.Annealed Glass 2.Heat Strengthen Glass 3.Fully Tempered Glass 4.Laminated Glass 5.Poly Vinyl Butyral or PVB 6.Insulated Glass 7.Low-iron/ Extra Clear Glass 8.Coated Glass 9.Decorative Glass These are the glRead more
the different types of glasses that can be use in the building construction are given below
1.Annealed Glass
2.Heat Strengthen Glass
3.Fully Tempered Glass
4.Laminated Glass
5.Poly Vinyl Butyral or PVB
6.Insulated Glass
7.Low-iron/ Extra Clear Glass
8.Coated Glass
9.Decorative Glass
These are the glasses that can be use in the building construction .
See lessWhat is the criteria for choosing type of estimate in any building construction?
Soumyadeep Halder
the criteria for choosing type of estimate in any building construction are given below. 1.What phase is the project in? Perhaps the most important, or at least first, determining factor for selecting the estimating method, or approach, is the project phase. Where is the project in it’s life-cycle?Read more
the criteria for choosing type of estimate in any building construction are given below.
1.What phase is the project in?
Perhaps the most important, or at least first, determining factor for selecting the estimating method, or approach, is the project phase. Where is the project in it’s life-cycle? If it is in the conceptual design phase you might consider using the Universal Factors method. This method, in it’s simplest form, works as a type of “analogy” estimating approach. If you have similar past projects in your “bottom right-hand drawer” then you may be set. Otherwise, you may need to use a Universal Factors model.
2.What project data is available?
As they say “data is king”. That statement certainly holds true for estimating. Not only the volume, but the type of data available to you, can make all the difference in the method and accuracy of your estimate. Review the data available to you (technical or unit cost). The amount of data on hand can help you decide which method you will use, the cost drivers, and many more aspects of your estimate.
3.What is the purpose of the estimate?
You should always keep in mind the purpose of the estimate you are developing. Is your estimate attached to a detailed bid or proposal for a potential client or is it going to be used to “cost out” one of multiple approaches to a solution for management review? If the latter, perhaps all you need is a Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) estimate? The estimates purpose (read: audience) determines the approach you take and what attributes of your estimate you include or highlight.
4.What is your time-frame?
When you have the time (and data points), it is often best practice to develop as detailed an estimate as possible. This is especially true when estimating construction or preparing a T&M bid or proposal.
5.What estimating tools are available?
See lessAfter all is said and done, it may come down to the tools you have in your toolbox. Most estimators, and I know I am in this category, are Excel aficionados. You can often find me buried in a spreadsheet somewhere. If I am pulling together a “back-of-the-envelope” estimate I will often use Excel. However, Excel has it’s limits. There are multiple tools on the market for QTO estimating that provide management capabilities over and above what Excel can offer.
What is the difference between pretension and post tension in concrete?
Soumyadeep Halder
difference between pretension and post tension in concrete Prestressing may be achieved either by pretensioning or by post-tensioning. To pretension concrete the steel is first tensioned in a frame or between anchorages external to the member. The concrete is then cast around it. After the concreteRead more
difference between pretension and post tension in concrete
Prestressing may be achieved either by pretensioning or by post-tensioning.
To pretension concrete the steel is first tensioned in a frame or between anchorages external to the member. The concrete is then cast around it. After the concrete has developed sufficient strength the tension is slowly released from the frame or anchorage to transfer the stress to the concrete to which the tendons have by that time become bonded. The force is transmitted to the concrete over a certain distance from each end of a member known as the transfer length
Post-tensioned concrete is made by casting concrete that contains ducts through which tendons can be threaded. An alternative is to cast the concrete around tendons that are greased or encased in a plastic sleeve. When the concrete has sufficient strength the tendons are tensioned by means of portable jacks. The load is transmitted to the concrete through permanent anchorages embedded in the concrete at the ends of the tendons. Ducts are usually grouted later or filled with grease to protect the tendons against corrosion. In some applications the post-tensioning tendons are run alongside the concrete member.
One advantage of post-tensioning is that it permits using tendons that are curved or draped. This can be achieved in pretension but not so easily.
pre tension is developed due to bonding between concrete as well as tendon where as post tension is developed due to bearing.
if structural member is heavy then we preffered post tendion whearas when structural element is lighter we choose pre tension.
See lessWhat are the alternate building blocks which can used in place of ordinary building stones and bricks?
Soumyadeep Halder
the alternate building blocks which can used in place of ordinary building stones and bricks are given below terracotta hollow block Natural Bangalore Stone Interlocking Mud Blocks Soil Stabilized Blocks Big Size Light Weight Aerocon Blocks concrete block fly ash brick calcium silicate brick theseRead more
the alternate building blocks which can used in place of ordinary building stones and bricks are given below
these are few alternative you can use instead of conventional brick.
See lessWhy gravity dam is called gravity dam ?
Soumyadeep Halder
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by primarily utilizing the weight of the material alone to resist the horizontal pressure of water pushing against it. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable, independent ofRead more
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by primarily utilizing the weight of the material alone to resist the horizontal pressure of water pushing against it.
Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable, independent of any other dam section.
t is called a gravity dam because gravity holds it down to the ground stopping the water in the reservoir pushing it over.
See lessWhat is Out-Turn Work in Quantity Surveying?
Soumyadeep Halder
The capacity of doing work by an artisan or skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day is known as the task work or out turn of the labour. The out-turn of work per artisan varies to some extent according to the nature, size, height, situation, location, etc., In bigger cities where specRead more
The capacity of doing work by an artisan or skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day is known as the task work or out turn of the labour.
The out-turn of work per artisan varies to some extent according to the nature, size, height, situation, location, etc., In bigger cities where specialized and experienced labour is available the out-turn is greater than small towns and country sides. In well organized work less labour is required.
See lessHow does the specific gravity of a material is related to the strength of that material?
Soumyadeep Halder
see specific gravity that means in a simple word ratio between unknown material density to standard material density. for us standard material is water. in strength of material when we calculate deformation for self weight then basically we need to find out the weight so weight = mass * gravity masRead more
see specific gravity that means in a simple word ratio between unknown material density to standard material density. for us standard material is water.
in strength of material when we calculate deformation for self weight then basically we need to find out the weight
so weight = mass * gravity
mass = density of material * volume
density of material = specific gravity * density of standard material
in this way specific gravity is relate with SOM.
as well as when we find the deal load then we do
dead load = unit weight * volume
unit weight = density * gravity
density = specific gravity * standard materiel density.
See less