Geotechnical Engineering

Prandtl mixing line theory is the phenomenon of momentum remaining constant in fluid flow where the boundary layer is a theory of variations of velocity perpendicular to the floor and velocity value change from 0 to infinite.

Prandtl mixing theory is used for the study of momentum in fluid flow.

Boundary layer theory is used for the study of velocity distributions in fluid flow.

shrinkage limit is the maximum water content at which if we reduce water content further than soil volume doesn’t change,

we can also say that at shrinkage limit, water is in just saturated stage.

let’s see the graph of water content and volume change with shrinkage limit

ws= shrinkage limit

wp= plastic limit

wl=liquid limit

at below shrinkage water content water is spill out/remove from voids of soil and that voids fill with the air. Hence voids doesn’t change, so volume doesn’t change. and soil become 3 phase structure air, water and solid particles.

Basically in soil there is 3 part

1. Solids partical
2. Air
3. Water

When water added to soil, at that time soil become saturated. And when air contain replace by water and soil become fully saturated at that time soil have two part one is water and one is solid partical.

If we add more water than fully saturation, hence saturation of soil is 100% or more than that, is called the supersaturated stage.

Water content more than shrinkage limit called supersaturated stage