Geotechnical Engineering

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aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

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As the consolidation process continues, water will be expelled out. Why is the degree of saturation of soil treated as constant throughout the consolidation process?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    The degree of saturation denotes the actual relationship between the weight of moisture existing in a space and the weight that would exist if the space were saturated. It can be also said as the percentage of water that occupies the pore spaces present in soil and is said to be degree of saturationRead more

    The degree of saturation denotes the actual relationship between the weight of moisture existing in a space and the weight that would exist if the space were saturated.

    It can be also said as the percentage of water that occupies the pore spaces present in soil and is said to be degree of saturation. Basically, the soil has three phases soil solid, water and air. If the pore and void space in the soil is fully occupied by water, then it is fully saturated and the degree of saturation is 100%. If the void space in the soil is partially occupied by water, then it is said to be partially saturated.

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RaghavArora
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What is a tachometry? What is it’s used in civil engineering projects?

  1. Soumyadeep Halder

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    Soumyadeep Halder User

    ans- defination Tacheometric is a branch of surveying in which horizontal and vertical distances are determined by taking angular observation with an instrument known as a tachometer. Tacheometric surveying is adopted in rough in rough and difficult terrain where direct levelling and chaining are eiRead more

    ans- defination

    Tacheometric is a branch of surveying in which horizontal and vertical distances are
    determined by taking angular observation with an instrument known as a tachometer.
    Tacheometric surveying is adopted in rough in rough and difficult terrain where direct levelling
    and chaining are either not possible or very tedious.
    Tacheometric survey also can be used for Railways, Roadways, and reservoirs etc.
    Tacheometric surveying is very rapid, and a reasonable contour map can be prepared for
    investigation works within a short time on the basis of such survey.
    An ordinary transits theodolite fitted with a stadia diaphragm is generally used for tacheometric
    surveying.

    Uses of Tachometry in civil engineering
    Tachometry is used for preparation of topographic map where both horizontal and vertical
    distances are required to be measured; survey work in difficult terrain where direct methods of
    measurements are inconvenient; reconnaissance survey for highways and railways etc.;
    Establishment of secondary control points.

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vivek gami
vivek gami

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Which are the factor that affects the Permeability of Soil?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    Permeability of soil is an important property of soil study as a civil engineering point of view. Permeability of a soil is the property to allow water to pass from a series of pores. Following are some factors which affect the permeability Shape and size of the soil particles Temperature and climatRead more

    Permeability of soil is an important property of soil study as a civil engineering point of view.

    Permeability of a soil is the property to allow water to pass from a series of pores.

    Following are some factors which affect the permeability

    1. Shape and size of the soil particles
    2. Temperature and climatic conditions
    3. Degree of saturation of soil
    4. The specific surface area of the particles present in the soil
    5. Void ratio of soil
    6. Properties of water absorption
    7. Nature of soil
    8. Mechanical properties of soil
    9. Characteristics of expansion and contraction

    But I recommend you to read details about all the above properties from the article:

    https://test.theconstructor.org/geotechnical/factors-affecting-soil-permeability/29563/

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nikeetasharma
nikeetasharma

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What are the methods for ground improvement technique and which one is the best among them?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Thank you everyone.

    Thank you everyone.

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nikeetasharma
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How can Artificial Intelligence be used in Geotechnical Engineering?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.

    Hi, Geotechnical engineering deals with materials (e.g., soil and rock) that, by their very nature, exhibit varied and behavior due to the physical processes associated with the formation of these materials. Modeling such materials' behavior is complicated and usually beyond the ability of most tradRead more

    Hi,

    Geotechnical engineering deals with materials (e.g., soil and rock) that, by their very nature, exhibit varied and behavior due to the physical processes associated with the formation of these materials. Modeling such materials’ behavior is complicated and usually beyond the ability of most traditional forms of physically-based engineering methods. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more popular and particularly amenable to modeling most geotechnical engineering materials’ complex behavior because it has demonstrated superior predictive ability compared to traditional methods. Over the last decade, AI has been applied successfully to virtually every problem in geotechnical engineering. However, despite this success, AI techniques are still facing classical opposition due to some inherent reasons such as lack of transparency, knowledge extraction, and model uncertainty, which will discuss in detail in this chapter. Among the available AI, techniques are artificial neural networks (ANNs), genetic programming (GP), evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR), support vector machines, M5 model trees, and K-nearest neighbors (Elshorbagy et al.,2010). This chapter will focus on three AI techniques, including ANNs, GP, and EPR. 

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Vivek Patel
Vivek Patel

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What is a triaxial test? Why it is significant to know soil property? and which type of property?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Triaxial test ; The triaxial test is one of the most versatile and widely performed tests in the geotechnical laboratory. It allows shear strength and stiffness of soil and rock to be determined for use in geotechnical design. - Procedure of triaxial test :- The triaxial test typically involves subjRead more

    Triaxial test ;

    The triaxial test is one of the most versatile and widely performed tests in the geotechnical laboratory. It allows shear strength and stiffness of soil and rock to be determined for use in geotechnical design.

    – Procedure of triaxial test :-

    The triaxial test typically involves subjecting a cylindrical specimen of soil, whose diameter ranges from 38mm to 100mm, into a cell that can be pressurized. Most of the specimens have an approximate 2:1 height to dia ratio and are sealed with a rubber membrane. The specimen preparation generally depends upon the type of soil. Cohesive soil samples are prepared directly from saturated compacted samples, either undisturbed or remolded. The specimen for cohesion-less soil is prepared with the help of the mold that maintains the required shape of the specimen.

    And then the specimen is vertically covered with a thin rubber membrane and placed between two rigid ends inside a pressure chamber. The upper plate can move vertically and apply vertical stresses to the specimen. The axial stress/strain of the sample is controlled by the movement of this vertical axis. The water pressure surrounding the sample in the pressure chamber controls the confining pressure. Also, the volume change of the sample is controlled by measuring the exact volume of moving water.

     

    There are three primary triaxial test carried out in a laboratory, depending upon the combination of loading and drainage condition ;

    • Consolidated – Drained (CD)
    • Consolidated – Undrained (CU)
    • Unconsolidated – Undrained (UU)

    Triaxial test is significant to know soil property because it determines the ability of soil to resist shear stress and strain. Different combination of confining and axial stresses can be applied. Drained and undrained test can be carried out. The types of properties of soil which can be known by triaxial test are followed ;

    1. Shear strength and stiffness of soil
    2. Stress/Strain behavior
    3. Pore water pressure of soil
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aviratdhodare
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What is an Outcrop in the Rocks? What is its significance in civil engineering?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Rock outcrops are defined as visible exposures of bedrock or other geologic formations at the surface of the Earth. Rock outcrops take many different forms within the Park, ranging from the massive granite boulders of Old Rag Mountain, to the sheer cliffs of Little Stony Man, and the jumbled boulderRead more

    Rock outcrops are defined as visible exposures of bedrock or other geologic formations at the surface of the Earth. Rock outcrops take many different forms within the Park, ranging from the massive granite boulders of Old Rag Mountain, to the sheer cliffs of Little Stony Man, and the jumbled boulder fields of Blackrock.

    Most civil engineering projects involve some excavation of soils and rocks, or involve loading the Earth by building on it. In some cases, the excavated rocks may be used as constructional material, and in others, rocks may form a major part of the finished product, such as a motorway cutting or the site f or a reservoir. The feasibility, the planning and design, the construction and costing, and the safety of a project may depend critically on the geological conditions where the construction will take place. This is especially the case in extended ‘greenfield’ sites, where the area affected by the project stretches for kilometres, across comparatively undeveloped ground. Examples include the Channel Tunnel project and the construction of motorways. In a section of the M9 motorway linking Edinburgh and Stirling that crosses abandoned oil-shale workings, realignment of the road, on the advice of government geologists, led to a substantial saving. In modest projects, or in those involving the redevelopment of a limited site, the demands on the geological knowledge of the engineer or the need for geological advice will be less, but are never negligible. Site investigation by boring and by testing samples may be an adequate preliminary to construction in such cases.

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Himanshu joshi
Himanshu joshi

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Why abutment in bridge is designed as earth pressure and rest condition?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Abutment in bridge is designed as earth pressure and rest condition because abutments support the ends of the bridge and transfer the loads from the superstructure in to the ground. The abutments also support the bearing devices and the backwalls Moreover, bridge abutments connect the deck, or surfaRead more

    Abutment in bridge is designed as earth pressure and rest condition because abutments support the ends of the bridge and transfer the loads from the superstructure in to the ground. The abutments also support the bearing devices and the backwalls Moreover, bridge abutments connect the deck, or surface of the bridge, to the ground and help support its weight both horizontally and vertically. On short bridges, one abutment is placed at either end of the bridge and connected to the embankment, sometimes including a retaining wall.

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