GPS ;

Global Positioning System (GPS) refers to the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System, a constellations of satellites developed by the United States Department of Defence. At first the GPS was made for military use only, but later made accessible to civilians as well. But recently, GPS is most widely used GNSS satellite constellation in the world.

GLONASS ;

Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) is an acronym which is translated from Russian, this means Global Navigation Satellite System. It is accessible for both military and civil use and also provides real time position and velocity determination.

The main difference between GPS & GLONASS is that, with GPS satellites use the same radio frequencies but have different codes for communication while GLONASS satellites have the same codes but use different frequencies, allowing satellites on the same orbital plane to communicate.

The inspections carried out by local authorities while construction are as follows :-

Quality and progress :-

1. Condition surveys of neighbouring structures prior to commencement of the works.
2. Regular valuation inspections to assess progress of the works in order to value interim payments.
3. Inspecting mock ups and samples and witnessing tests.
4. Witnessing commissioning.
5.Inspection prior to certification of practical completion.
6. Inspection after handover of the site to the client on certification of practical completion.
7. Inspection at the end of the defects liability period to prepare a schedule of defects.
8. Inspection on completion of the rectification of defects set out on the schedule of defects.

Health and safety :-

1. Prevention of falls and personal fall protection systems.
2. Work at height.
3. Work platforms such as scaffold and mobile platforms.
4. Ladders and stepladders.
5. Personal protection equipment, including head protection.
6. Plant, vehicles and other equipment.
7. Storage.
8. Electrical systems.
9. Asbestos risk.
10. Provision of welfare facilities such as toilets and handwashing facilities.
11. Site conditions and order.
12. Avoidance of obstructions.
13. Management of respiratory risks.
14. Structural stability.
15. Prevention of unauthorised access to the site.

Building control :-

1. Excavations, before filling.
2. Foundations before covering up.
3. Damp proof course.
4. New drains before covering up.
5. Ground beams and steelwork.
6. Insulation.
7. Roof construction.
8. Completion.