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Asked: July 13, 2020In: Miscellaneous

Give the Purpose, Advantages and Disadvantages of Clerestory window?

DevilAVRT
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Give the Purpose, Advantages and Disadvantages of Clerestory window?

  1. Vivek Patel

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    Added an answer on July 27, 2020 at 2:35 pm

    The main purpose of the clearstory window is to provide fresh air and natural light. The clearstory window should be larger as possible. Advantages Better air circulation and natural light emitting Good aesthetic view Due to higher sill level better privacy Save electricity due to natural light BettRead more

    The main purpose of the clearstory window is to provide fresh air and natural light.

    The clearstory window should be larger as possible.

    Advantages

    • Better air circulation and natural light emitting
    • Good aesthetic view
    • Due to higher sill level better privacy
    • Save electricity due to natural light
    • Better environment formation.

    Disadvantages

    • Wall slab junction become critical at opening of clearstory
    • Costly design
    • Due to hight sunlight, there is may be heat problem.
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Asked: June 14, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What is the role and scope of Artificial Intelligence in the field of Civil Engineering?

Rohan Chaugule
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What is the role of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in the field of civil engineering construction equipment and construction machinery? What is the scope of artificial intelligence and the growth of artificial intelligence in civil engineering?

  1. Soumyadeep Halder

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    Added an answer on June 16, 2020 at 7:41 pm

    that is  a  great question. well in a very shot manner you can use that AI in lean construction.as well as you can implement it in BIM world, Some time you can use this AI tools in Management level in construction field for visualization problem. For using robot in construction or civil engineeringRead more

    that is  a  great question.

    well in a very shot manner you can use that AI in lean construction.as well as you can implement it in BIM world, Some time you can use this AI tools in Management level in construction field for visualization problem.

    For using robot in construction or civil engineering field AI can control that robot.

    AI also helps in development of robots and automated systems. role of artificial intelligence is
    reported in the case of smart materials. The smart system refers to a device which can sense changes in its
    environment and can make an optimal response by changing its material properties, geometry. Both the sensor and the actuator functions with their appropriate feedback must be properly integrated

    Structural Engineering – In the field of structural engineering, they are used to evaluate durability. Not only
    the smart materials or structures are restricted to sensing but also they adapt to their surrounding environment
    such as the ability to move, vibrate and demonstrate various other responses as well as for monitoring the
    integrity of bridges, dams, offshore oil-drilling towers where fiber-optic sensors embedded in the structures are
    utilized to identify the trouble areas.
    Waste management – Manual disassembly of the waste is a challenging, expensive and time consuming task
    but the use of smart materials could help to automate the process. Even it shows a role in food waste
    management.
    Concrete mix design – Concrete mix design is difficult and sensitive. The concrete mix design is based on the
    principles of workability of fresh concrete, desired strength and durability of hardened concrete which in turn is
    governed by water-cement ratio law. The strength of the concrete is determined by the characteristics of the
    mortar, coarse aggregate, and the interface. For the same quality mortar, different types of coarse aggregate with
    different shape, texture, mineralogy, and strength may result in different concrete strengths.
    Estimation: artificial neural networks (ANNs) are most suited for developing decision aids with analogy-based
    problem-solving capabilities in the estimation.

    As well as you can use AI in your network system that can be

    Planning of Construction Projects

    Construction Robot Fleet Management System Prototype:
    Bridge Planning Using GIS and Expert System Approach:
    Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction

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Asked: June 12, 2020In: Miscellaneous

How to find Area of a Location using GIS software? Ex: Dam

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

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How to find the area of a location using GIS software?

  1. Rohan Chaugule

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    Added an answer on June 14, 2020 at 7:16 pm

    If you are using QGIS software then go to the measure command in the toolbar present and click on measure area and draw the border using the cursor along the periphery of the boundary line precisely & click measure. Also, don't forget to choose the desired units i.e. m2 or ft2.

    If you are using QGIS software then go to the measure command in the toolbar present and click on measure area and draw the border using the cursor along the periphery of the boundary line precisely & click measure. Also, don’t forget to choose the desired units i.e. m2 or ft2.

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Asked: July 6, 2020In: Miscellaneous

Which methods are used to compute ‘Runoff’ from a catchment?

Ancy Joby
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Which methods are used to compute ‘Runoff’ from a catchment?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on December 18, 2020 at 10:12 pm

    The curve number method is an adaptable and widely used for runoff estimation. This method is important properties of the watershed, specifically soil permeability, land use and antecedent soil water conditions which take into consideration. Thus, straightforward methods of calculating runoff can teRead more

    The curve number method is an adaptable and widely used for runoff estimation. This method is important properties of the watershed, specifically soil permeability, land use and antecedent soil water conditions which take into consideration. Thus, straightforward methods of calculating runoff can tell you the amount of water that storms bring to the earth. For a given surface area such as a roof or yard, multiply the area by the inches of rainfall and divide by 231 to obtain the runoff in gallons.

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Asked: September 26, 2020In: Miscellaneous

Which software will be more easy to make a 2D plan?

nikeetasharma
nikeetasharma

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Which software can be used to make a easy 2D plan?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 29, 2020 at 5:06 pm
    Which software will be more easy to make a 2D plan?

    Various planning software is available in the market half key features 2D drawing and 3D modelling. ArchiCAD is an architectural CAD software developed by Graphisoft which allow us to do 3D as well as 2D drafting visualisation for building model and this is the best 2D software. Apart from that, theRead more

    Various planning software is available in the market half key features 2D drawing and 3D modelling.

    ArchiCAD is an architectural CAD software developed by Graphisoft which allow us to do 3D as well as 2D drafting visualisation for building model and this is the best 2D software.

    Apart from that, the following software we can also use:

    • Infornia
    • Floorplanner- we can create a 2D 3D floor plan
    • Plan floor creator

     

     

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Asked: September 25, 2020In: Miscellaneous

Describe the detailed classification of water application methods.

nikeetasharma
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Describe the detailed classification of water application methods. State the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on September 25, 2020 at 4:03 pm
    Describe the detailed classification of water application methods.

    Based on energy/pressure reqd Gravity Irrigation. Border, basin & furrow irrigations Pressurized irrigation. Drip & Sprinkler irrigations Based on placement of irrigation water (on, above or below soil surface) Surface irrigation. Border, basin & furrow irrigations Subsurface irrigationRead more

    • Based on energy/pressure reqd

    Gravity Irrigation. Border, basin & furrow irrigations

    Pressurized irrigation. Drip & Sprinkler irrigations

    • Based on placement of irrigation water (on, above or below soil surface)

    Surface irrigation. Border, basin & furrow irrigations

    Subsurface irrigation

    Overhead irrigation. Sprinkler & hand watering

    • Based on wetted area of crop root zone by irrigation

    Flood irrigation (Border, basin & furrow)

    Drip (or trickle or localized) irrigation

    Sprinkler irrigation

    Surface Irrigation Method: Borders

    • Best adapted to grain and forage crops
    • Good for uniform soils with mild slope
    • Not good for crops sensitive to wet soil conditions
    • Typical efficiencies range from 70 – 85%
    • Major investment is that of land grading or leveling
    • Border strip width, W = 3 – 30m; Length, L = 100 —- 800m
    • Has zero side slope and uniform longitudinal slope of <1%
    • Strips have no cross slope

    Surface Irrigation Method: Basins

    • Field is divided into small units surrounded by levees or dikes
    • Basin size: 1 to 15 ha; up to 100 to 400 m long
    • Most commonly practiced for rice and orchard tree crops
    • Level basin
    1. Water is held until it infiltrates or is drained away
    2. Minimum runoff loss and High application efficiency is possible
    • Graded basin (contour levee irrigation)
    1. Constructed with two levees parallel and two perpendicular to the field contours
    2. Water enters along the upper contour and flows to the lower.

    Advantages

    • Water covers the basin rapidly to ensure good uniformity
    • Best suited for lands/crops where leaching is required to wash out salts from the root zone
    • Involves the least labour of the surface methods
    • Design efficiencies can be on the order of 70-85%

    Limitations

    • Levees interfere with movement of farm equipment
    • Higher amount of water is required compared to sprinkler or drip irrigation
    • Amajor cost in basin irrigation is that of land grading or leveling
    • Impedes surface drainage

    Surface Irrigation Method: Furrow

    • Irrigation is accomplished by running water in small channels (furrow)
    • Constructed with or across the field slope
    • Water infiltrates from the bottom and sides of furrows moving laterally and downward to wet the soil and to move soluble salts, fertilizer and herbicides carried with the water
    • Widely spaced row crops such as potato, maize, vegetables, and trees
    • Loam soil with mild slope, 0.5-2%
    • Labour reqd is generally higher
    • Major initial cost is construction of furrow

    Types

    1. Level
    2. Graded
    3. Contour

    Advantages

    • Efficiency can be high.as 90%
    • Developed at a relatively low cost after necessary land-forming activities are accomplished
    • Erosion is minimal
    • Adaptable to a wide range of land slopes

    Limitation

    • Not suitable for high permeable soil where vertical infiltration is much higher than the lateral entry
    • Higher amount of water is required, compared to sprinkler or drip irrigation
    • Furrows should be closely arranged

    Sprinkler Irrigation

    • Water is delivered through a pressurized pipe network to sprinklers, nozzles, or jets which spray the water into the air, to fall to the soil as an artificial “rain”
    • Light sandy soils are well suited
    • Sprinklers can be used on any topography
    • Sometimes used to germinate seed and establish ground cover for crops like lettuce, alfalfa, and sod
    • Very high efficiency water application
    • High capital investment but has low labor requirements

    Types

    1. Portable or hand move
    2. Solid set & permanent
    3. Travelling gun system
    4. Side roll system
    5. Centre pivot & linear move system

    Advantages

    • Readily automatable
    • Facilitates to chemigation and fertigation
    • Reduced labor requirements needed for irrigation

    Limitations

    • Many crops (citrus, for example) are sensitive to foliar damage when sprinkled with saline waters
    • Initially high installation cost
    • High maintenance cost

    Drip Irrigation

    • Constant steady flow of water is applied directly to the root zone of the plants by means of applicators operated under low pressure
    • Applicators: orifices, emitters, porous tubing, perforated pipe
    • Most efficient irrigation system
    • Most suited to high-density orchards, tree crops, and high-value horticultural crops
    • Not designed for large root systems
    • Suited for situations where the water supply is limited
    • Very effective in applying nutrients (fertilizers)/insecticides through the drip system
    • Burying the drip system reduces water loss even further by preventing runoff across the surface

    Advantages: 

    • Highly efficient system
    • Limited water sources can be used
    • Right amount of water can be applied in the root zone
    • It can be automated and well adapted to chemigation and fertigation
    • Reduces nutrient leaching, labor requirement, and operating cost
    • Nearly uniform distribution of water
    • Lower pressures are required-low energy for pumping

    Limitations:

    • High initial cost
    • Technical skill is required to maintain and operate the system
    • The closer the spacing, the higher the system cost per hectare
    • Damage to drip tape may occur
    • Cannot wet the soil volume quickly (to recover from moisture deficit) as other systems
    • Facilitates shallow root zone
    • Needs clean water

    Other Forms of Irrigation

    Hand watering

    • Nurseries and Fruit trees

    Capillary irrigation

    • Wet the root zone by capillary rise
    • Buried pipes or deep surface canals

    Localized irrigation

    • Water is applied around each or group of plants
    • Wets root zone only

    Subsurface irrigation

    • Water is applied below the ground surface either by raising the water table within or near the root zone or by using a buried perforated or porous pipe system

     

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Asked: September 19, 2020In: Miscellaneous

Use of green and white colored GI sheets for roofing and side cladding.

aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

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Why do we mostly use green and white colored GI sheets for roofing and side cladding of industrial sheds? Why are there no other color combinations?

  1. aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on November 25, 2020 at 9:47 am
    This answer was edited.

    Thanks for the answer. I agree that there are other combinations like blue and white etc, but is there any specific reason for mostly using green and blue along with white?

    Thanks for the answer. I agree that there are other combinations like blue and white etc, but is there any specific reason for mostly using green and blue along with white?

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Asked: July 19, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What is the meaning of the work breakdown structure in the construction program?

fathima
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What is the meaning of the work breakdown structure in the construction program?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 2, 2020 at 9:10 pm

    In simple words, work breakdown structure (WBS) is a breakdown of the project to smaller parts or components for deliverable oriented. It is a term related to project management and systems engineering. It is a simplifying tool for a particular task of the project. Following are the purpose of the wRead more

    In simple words, work breakdown structure (WBS) is a breakdown of the project to smaller parts or components for deliverable oriented. It is a term related to project management and systems engineering.

    It is a simplifying tool for a particular task of the project.

    Following are the purpose of the work  breakdown structure:

    1. To recognise the distinct nature of large activity or project
    2. Used for estimating the cost and time required for a project
    3. Control and monitor the tasks
    4. Used for controlling and give unique Identity to each task.

    Following are types of WBS:

    1. Phase Oriented WBS
    2. Deliverable oriented WBS

    Following are some effective guidelines for WBS

    1. The internal in trim and external work of the project should be identified and must all the deliverables that have to be completed.
    2. Using a top-down approach in the project is divided into sub-projects and this continues until the task can be estimated. This approach is popular because of great accuracy.
    3. Level of details
    4. Symmetry absence.
    5. Details of level
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