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Which methods are used to compute ‘Runoff’ from a catchment?
Preet Chovatiya
On the basis of field experience and observation, the following methods are used to calculate runoff of any catchment area. Rational method Cook's method Curve number method
On the basis of field experience and observation, the following methods are used to calculate runoff of any catchment area.
- Rational method
- Cook’s method
- Curve number method
See lessIs Theopectic, Bingham plastic, and Thixotropic should be categorized into the fluid?
Vishwajeet Kumar
As correctly stated that Fluid is defined as a substance which continuously deforms under applied shear force. Even though only after exceeding a certain shear stress value rheopectic, thixotropic, and Bingham plastic start undergoing shear deformation, it is to note that after that stress value, thRead more
As correctly stated that Fluid is defined as a substance which continuously deforms under applied shear force. Even though only after exceeding a certain shear stress value rheopectic, thixotropic, and Bingham plastic start undergoing shear deformation, it is to note that after that stress value, these substances also deform continuously until the external shear force is removed. Hence, they can be categorized as fluids.
However, in case of solids under any amount of shear force, they undergo a fixed deformation and do not undergo continuous deformation.
See lessWhat is the Cadastral Survey in Surveying?
Ancy Joby
Cadastral survey is a comprehensive study of land, its location, its value, etc. A cadastral survey shows the extent, boundaries, value, and ownership of land. Through these surveys, authorities assign a numerical identity to land.
Cadastral survey is a comprehensive study of land, its location, its value, etc. A cadastral survey shows the extent, boundaries, value, and ownership of land. Through these surveys, authorities assign a numerical identity to land.
See lessWhat is the criteria for choosing type of estimate in any building construction?
Soumyadeep Halder
the criteria for choosing type of estimate in any building construction are given below. 1.What phase is the project in? Perhaps the most important, or at least first, determining factor for selecting the estimating method, or approach, is the project phase. Where is the project in it’s life-cycle?Read more
the criteria for choosing type of estimate in any building construction are given below.
1.What phase is the project in?
Perhaps the most important, or at least first, determining factor for selecting the estimating method, or approach, is the project phase. Where is the project in it’s life-cycle? If it is in the conceptual design phase you might consider using the Universal Factors method. This method, in it’s simplest form, works as a type of “analogy” estimating approach. If you have similar past projects in your “bottom right-hand drawer” then you may be set. Otherwise, you may need to use a Universal Factors model.
2.What project data is available?
As they say “data is king”. That statement certainly holds true for estimating. Not only the volume, but the type of data available to you, can make all the difference in the method and accuracy of your estimate. Review the data available to you (technical or unit cost). The amount of data on hand can help you decide which method you will use, the cost drivers, and many more aspects of your estimate.
3.What is the purpose of the estimate?
You should always keep in mind the purpose of the estimate you are developing. Is your estimate attached to a detailed bid or proposal for a potential client or is it going to be used to “cost out” one of multiple approaches to a solution for management review? If the latter, perhaps all you need is a Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) estimate? The estimates purpose (read: audience) determines the approach you take and what attributes of your estimate you include or highlight.
4.What is your time-frame?
When you have the time (and data points), it is often best practice to develop as detailed an estimate as possible. This is especially true when estimating construction or preparing a T&M bid or proposal.
5.What estimating tools are available?
See lessAfter all is said and done, it may come down to the tools you have in your toolbox. Most estimators, and I know I am in this category, are Excel aficionados. You can often find me buried in a spreadsheet somewhere. If I am pulling together a “back-of-the-envelope” estimate I will often use Excel. However, Excel has it’s limits. There are multiple tools on the market for QTO estimating that provide management capabilities over and above what Excel can offer.
What is Out-Turn Work in Quantity Surveying?
Soumyadeep Halder
The capacity of doing work by an artisan or skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day is known as the task work or out turn of the labour. The out-turn of work per artisan varies to some extent according to the nature, size, height, situation, location, etc., In bigger cities where specRead more
The capacity of doing work by an artisan or skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day is known as the task work or out turn of the labour.
The out-turn of work per artisan varies to some extent according to the nature, size, height, situation, location, etc., In bigger cities where specialized and experienced labour is available the out-turn is greater than small towns and country sides. In well organized work less labour is required.
See lessHow does the specific gravity of a material is related to the strength of that material?
Soumyadeep Halder
see specific gravity that means in a simple word ratio between unknown material density to standard material density. for us standard material is water. in strength of material when we calculate deformation for self weight then basically we need to find out the weight so weight = mass * gravity masRead more
see specific gravity that means in a simple word ratio between unknown material density to standard material density. for us standard material is water.
in strength of material when we calculate deformation for self weight then basically we need to find out the weight
so weight = mass * gravity
mass = density of material * volume
density of material = specific gravity * density of standard material
in this way specific gravity is relate with SOM.
as well as when we find the deal load then we do
dead load = unit weight * volume
unit weight = density * gravity
density = specific gravity * standard materiel density.
See lessWhat are the Different Methods of calculation of Area in Surveying?
Soumyadeep Halder
the different methods of calculation of area in surveying Midpoint ordinate rule Average ordinate rule Simpson’s rule Trapezoidal rule Graphical rule simpson's rules
the different methods of calculation of area in surveying
- Midpoint ordinate rule
- Average ordinate rule
- Simpson’s rule
- Trapezoidal rule
- Graphical rule
- simpson’s rules
See lessWhat are the advantages of optical reading theodolites over ordinary theodolites?
Preet Chovatiya
Definitely Theodolite with the optical instrument has advantages over other ordinary theodolite and that are mentioned below: More precise measurement taken by it. It is not affected by wind and any other weather factors. It is used for flat and slope ground.
Definitely Theodolite with the optical instrument has advantages over other ordinary theodolite and that are mentioned below:
- More precise measurement taken by it.
- It is not affected by wind and any other weather factors.
- It is used for flat and slope ground.
See less