SAFETY CONCEPT IN STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN There will be a gap between the internal load and the internal resistance in the members of the structure. The gap is covered in either of the two ways: a) In elastic design the ...
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DESIGN OF AXIALLY LOADED COLUMN
DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS A compression member subjected to pure axial load rarely occurs in practice. All columns are subjected to some moment which may be due to accidental eccentricity or due to end restraint imposed by monolithically placed beams ...
EARTHQUAKES EFFECTS ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
Reinforced Concrete Buildings In recent times, reinforced concrete buildings have become common in India, particularly in towns and cities. Reinforced concrete (or simply RC) consists of two primary materials, namely concrete with reinforcing steel bars. Concrete is made of sand, ...
Theory of Simple Bending
When a beam is subjected to a loading system or by a force couple acting on a plane passing through the axis, then the beam deforms. In simple terms, this axial deformation is called as bending of a beam. Due to ...
SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY FOR BUILDINGS
The Earthquake Problem Severity of ground shaking at a given location during an earthquake can be minor, moderate and strong. Relatively speaking, minor shaking occurs frequently, moderate shaking occasionally and strong shaking rarely. For instance, on average annually about 800 ...
How Architectural Features Affect Seismic Resistance of Buildings?
There are several architectural features that critically influence the seismic resistance capacity of structures. Building architectural features include overall shape, size and geometry, in addition to how the earthquake forces are carried to the ground. Each of these architectural features ...
PRODUCTION OF COLOURED FINISHES WITH WHITE CEMENT
PRODUCTION OF COLOURED FINISHES WITH WHITE CEMENT Colours Desired Commercial Names of Colours Approx. Qty required (kg per bag of cement) Light Shade Medium Shade Greys, blue-black and black Lampblack*, or carbon black* or black oxide of manganese* or mineral ...
Terms and Definitions Used in Earthquake Engineering
There are various terms and definitions used in earthquake engineering. Basic earthquake engineering terms are presented in the following sections. 1. Earthquake It is a transient violent movement of the Earth’s surface that follows a release of energy in the ...