Site planning – Physical layout and physical security aspects are to be considered. Surveillance is to be provided for avoid terrorist attack. By providing access controls and physical barriers. By restricted parking near the building Deep buried structures are safer. ...
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ANALYSIS OF GRAVITY DAM
The stability of a dam can be analysed in the following steps: i. Consider unit length of the dam. ii. Work out the magnitude and dimensions of all the vertical forces acting on the dam and their algebraic sum, i.e. ...
How Architectural Features Affect Seismic Resistance of Buildings?
There are several architectural features that critically influence the seismic resistance capacity of structures. Building architectural features include overall shape, size and geometry, in addition to how the earthquake forces are carried to the ground. Each of these architectural features ...
BEHAVIOUR OF BOX GIRDER BRIDGES
A general loading on a box girder, such as shown in fig 1 for single cell box, has components which bend, twist, and deform the cross section. Thin walled closed section girders are so stiff and strong in torsion that ...
Construction of Box Girder Bridges – Specifications, Uses, and Benefits
It is a bridge in which the main beams comprise girders in the shape of a hollow box (rectangular or trapezoidal shape). The box girder normally comprises either prestressed concrete, structural steel, or a composite of steel and reinforced concrete. ...
Classification of Steel Bridges Based on Traffic, Structure and Carriageway
Classification of steel bridges Steel bridges are classified according to the Type of traffic carried, type of main structural system and the position of carriageway relative to the main structural system. These classification of steel bridges are briefly discussed in ...
Plate Girder Bridges – Details and Design Requirements
Plate girders became popular in the late 1800’s, when they were used in construction of railroad bridges. The plates were joined together using angles and rivets to obtain plate girders of desired size. By 1950’s welded plate girders replaced riveted ...
16 Types of Pipelines and their Construction Method
A pipeline is a system of pipes designed to carry fluids such as oil, natural gas, or other petroleum-based products over long distances, often underground. It is a very important part of the modern civilization that has now been used ...