GIS is a computer-based information system that performs the activities of capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing and displaying both spatial and non-spatial data in order to solve complex research, planning and management problems. It is a system of hardware and software ...
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Designation of Bearings in Surveying
The whole bearing system (WBS) and Quadrantal Bearing system (QBS) are two notations of bearings that are used in compass surveying. The WCB system can be converted to QBS or vice versa by a simple calculation. Different bearings used in ...
Magnetic Compass Used in Surveying -Principles & Types
A compass surveying is performed by means of a magnetic compass which helps to determine the angles and the direction of the survey lines. The main two types of magnetic compass employed are a prismatic compass and a surveyor compass. ...
Errors in Chain Surveying – Types and Causes
The errors formed in chaining can be either cumulative error and compensating error. The errors can be considered either as a negative value or positive value depending on whether the result is a higher value or smaller value. Cumulative Error ...
Incorrect Chain in Surveying – Error & Correction
If the chain that is employed for measuring length is not equal to the true length, then the length measured won’t be correct. This measurement hence requires correction. A chain that is very long, gives a distance that is lesser ...
What is Ranging? Direct and Indirect Ranging
The process of fixing or establishing intermediate points to facilitate measurement of the survey lines are called as Ranging. The intermediate points are located by means of ranging rodes, offset rods and ranging poles. Ranging Out Survey Lines While measuring ...
Linear Measurements in Surveying by Direct Method
Linear measurements in surveying can be performed by mainly three methods namely direct method, electromagnetic methods and optical methods. The direct method is the common method that employs a chain, tape or any other instrument to measure the linear distance. ...
Traversing in Surveying – Types and Methods
A traverse is a series of connected lines whose lengths and directions are to be measured and the process of surveying to find such measurements is known as traversing. In general, chains are used to measure length and compass or ...