Surveying

There are various types of leveling used in surveying for measurement of level difference of different points with respect to a fixed point. This is useful in various civil engineering construction works where levels of different structures need to be ...

Vernier theodolite replaces compass for angular measurements. It can also be used for measurement of vertical angles. To be able to use the Vernier theodolite, it is important to know how it works. In this article, we will discuss how ...

Chains are the measuring instrument used in surveying formed by the 100 links of 4mm galvanized mild steel wire. These links are joined by 3 circular or oval wire rings. These rings provide the flexibility to the chains. Every aspect ...

Electromagnetic distance measuring instrument is a surveying instrument for measuring distance between two points through electromagnetic waves.

Hydrographic surveying or bathymetric surveying is the survey of physical features present underwater. It is the science of measuring all factors beneath water that affect all the marine activities like dredging, marine constructions, offshore drilling etc. Hydrographic surveying is mainly ...

Surveying is used in civil engineering for construction site investigation to check levels and distances. Principles and methods of surveying are discussed.

The plane table surveying is the fast method of surveying. In this type of surveying plotting of the plan and field observations can be done simultaneously.

What is Triangulation Surveying? Triangulation surveying is the tracing and measurement of a series or network of triangles to determine distances and relative positions of points spread over an area, by measuring the length of one side of each triangle ...