What is Underground Surveying? Underground surveying embraces the survey operations performed beneath the surface of the earth in connection with tunneling, exploration and construction in subterranean passageways. It is quite different from surveying on the surface. The following peculiarities of ...
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Reconnaissance Survey Methods for Highway Route Selection
Reconnaissance survey is done to examine the general character of the area for the purpose of determining the most feasible route or routes for further more detailed investigations. Data collected from reconnaissance survey is used for feasibility study of all ...
Error Sources in Total Station in Surveying
Total station is a device used in surveying by replacing total station. Like any device, total station also have some sources of error which can affect the surveying report. These sources of errors in total station is discussed. All theodolites ...
Total Station in Surveying – Operation, Uses and Advantages
Total station is a surveying equipment combination of Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instrument and electronic theodolite for construction site survey.
Equipments for Plane Table Survey and Their Uses
In a plane table surveying a table top, similar to drawing board fitted onto a tripod is the main instrument. A drawing sheet is fixed on to the table top, the observations are made to the objects, distances are scaled ...
What is Contouring? Methods, Maps and Uses of Contours in Surveying
What is contouring in Surveying? Contouring in surveying is the determination of elevation of various points on the ground and fixing these points of same horizontal positions in the contour map. To exercise vertical control leveling work is carried out ...
MAPPING METHODS IN SURVEYING
The aim of surveying is to make plans and maps to show various objects on the ground at their relative position to suitable scale. Various steps involved in making the plans is explained below. Mapping Methods in surveying: After completing ...
Guidelines for Accurate Surveying
Surveying, Even though it is of diverse nature, there are some basic guidelines which are common to all branches of surveying. These guidelines have proved over the years to be vital if accurate surveys are to be conducted. Guidelines for ...