Join

Join TheConstructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.

Have an account? Log in
Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Have an account? Log in Now

Log in

Log in to TheConstructor to ask questions, answer people’s questions, write articles & connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.

Join Here

Join for free or log in to continue reading...

Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Forgot Password?

Don't have account, Join Here

Forgot Password

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.

Have an account? Log in Now

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask question. Become VIP Member

Join for free or log in to continue reading...

Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Forgot Password?

Don't have account, Join Here
Become VIP Member
The Constructor Logo The Constructor Logo
Log inJoin

The Constructor

The Constructor Navigation

  • Articles
    • Recent Articles
    • Popular Articles
    • Write Article
  • Questions
    • Recent Questions
    • Popular Questions
    • Polls
    • Ask a Question
  • Categories
    • How To Guide
      • Material Testing Guide
    • Concrete
    • Building
      • Brick Masonry
      • Building Materials
      • Building Tips
    • Construction
      • Equipments
      • Management
    • Digital tools
    • Geotechnical
      • Foundation
Search
VIP Dashboard

Mobile menu

Close
Ask a Question
  • Questions
    • Popular Questions
    • Trending Questions
    • New Questions
    • No Answer Questions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Building
    • Brick Masonry
    • Building Materials
    • Building Tips
    • Formwork/Shuttering
  • Concrete
    • Concrete Admixtures
    • Cement
    • Concrete Cracks
    • Concrete Properties
  • Construction
    • Construction Equipments
    • Construction Management
    • Construction Project
    • Estimating & Costing
  • How To Guide
    • Material Estimation
    • Repair/Protection Guide
    • Material Testing Guide
    • Mix Design Guide
    • Rate Analysis
  • Geotechnical
    • Foundation Engineering
    • Ground Improvement
  • Structural Engineering
    • Strengthening of Structure
    • Structual Inspection
    • Structural Detailing
  • Surveying
  • Tips

Trending Questions

Home/Trending Questions/Page 21

Do you need to remove the ads? Become VIP Member

Discy Latest Questions

Asked: July 23, 2020In: Concrete

What is meant by Theoretical Thickness in Concrete?

Tips_and_tricks
Tips_and_tricks

Tips_and_tricks

  • 13 Questions
  • 15 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 685 Points
View Profile
Tips_and_tricks Learner

What is meant by Theoretical Thickness in Concrete?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

    • 23 Questions
    • 303 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 2,680 Points
    View Profile
    nikeetasharma Guru
    Added an answer on December 21, 2020 at 1:51 pm

    The thickness of the concrete cover measure is usually part of the concrete quality control in modern construction so as to ensure that the thickness of the concrete cover in conformity with the specifications. The process of measuring the thickness of the concrete cover in structures was noted by tRead more

    The thickness of the concrete cover measure is usually part of the concrete quality control in modern construction so as to ensure that the thickness of the concrete cover in conformity with the specifications. The process of measuring the thickness of the concrete cover in structures was noted by the beginning of the corrosion, as the lack of concrete cover thickness increased the corrosion rate for corrosion as a result of chlorides or carbonation, where it expedited the propagation inside the concrete, causing the speed of steel corrosion as well as the lack of cover helps the propagation of moisture and oxygen, which are form the main basis for the corrosion process.

    See less
    • 0
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 3 3 Answers
  • 114 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: July 7, 2020In: Concrete

How to derive the capacity of load-bearing piles?

Nimesh Gajera
Nimesh Gajera

Nimesh Gajera

  • 4 Questions
  • 4 Answers
  • 2 Best Answers
  • 538 Points
View Profile
Nimesh Gajera Learner

How to derive the capacity of load-bearing piles?

  1. Preet Chovatiya

    Preet Chovatiya

    • 11 Questions
    • 81 Answers
    • 5 Best Answers
    • 858 Points
    View Profile
    Preet Chovatiya Learner
    Added an answer on July 13, 2020 at 9:02 pm

    The ultimate load bearing capacity for cohesive soil can be define by following formula: Where, Qu = Ultimate load capacity, kN Ap = Cross-sectional area of pile tip, in m2 Nc = Bearing capacity factor, may be taken as 9 ci = Average cohesion for the ith layer, in kN/m2 Asi = Surface area of pile shRead more

    The ultimate load bearing capacity for cohesive soil can be define by following formula:

    Where,

    Qu = Ultimate load capacity, kN

    Ap = Cross-sectional area of pile tip, in m2

    Nc = Bearing capacity factor, may be taken as 9

    ci = Average cohesion for the ith layer, in kN/m2

    Asi = Surface area of pile shaft in the ith layer, in m2

    See less
    • 2
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 1 1 Answer
  • 93 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: February 5, 2020In: Geotechnical Engineering

What is the reference in standards for Optimum Moisture Content Range?

luqmanidaham
luqmanidaham

luqmanidaham

  • 1 Question
  • 0 Answers
  • 0 Best Answers
  • 1 Point
View Profile
luqmanidaham User

Hi, With regards to your article (link: https://test.theconstructor.org/geotechnical/soil-maximum-dry-density-optimum-moisture-content/18426/), what is the reference in standards. I done check with BS 1377:1990 Part 4 ; but there is no statement saying the range of optimum moisture content for different soil type. If your author ...

  1. Neenu S K

    Neenu S K

    • 1 Question
    • 13 Answers
    • 2 Best Answers
    • 702 Points
    View Profile
    Neenu S K EDITOR
    Added an answer on February 9, 2020 at 11:50 pm

    The optimum moisture content of soil actually varies and a standard value for silt, clay, and sand is not strictly mentioned in most of the codes. The values mentioned in the article were based on the general laboratory test values based on Indian Standard Tests and Indian soil conditions. If my knoRead more

    The optimum moisture content of soil actually varies and a standard value for silt, clay, and sand is not strictly mentioned in most of the codes. The values mentioned in the article were based on the general laboratory test values based on Indian Standard Tests and Indian soil conditions.

    If my knowledge is right, we do mention the average moisture content value within a range.

    Thanks for your feedback and query

     

    See less
    • 1
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 1 1 Answer
  • 475 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: July 16, 2020In: Structural Engineering

What is diffrence between retaining wall and breast wall?

Vivek Patel
Vivek Patel

Vivek Patel

  • 39 Questions
  • 80 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 6 Points
View Profile
Vivek Patel User

What is diffrence between retaining wall and breast wall?

  1. vivek gami

    vivek gami

    • 54 Questions
    • 16 Answers
    • 5 Best Answers
    • 93 Points
    View Profile
    Best Answer
    vivek gami User
    Added an answer on July 19, 2020 at 9:34 pm

    Basic difference is retaining wall is designed to resist backfill earth pressure and breast wall is resist for natural earthen slope of hilly area In hill. When road is construct, at that time we need to cut-off some portion of hill and basically we construct two wall one is breast wall which is onRead more

    Basic difference is retaining wall is designed to resist backfill earth pressure and breast wall is resist for natural earthen slope of hilly area

    In hill. When road is construct, at that time we need to cut-off some portion of hill and basically we construct two wall one is breast wall which is on hill side of the road to give stability of hill slop and another one is retaining wall which is construct on valley side of road which wall have backfill pressure plus road pressure on backfill so we need to design retaining wall for that backfill & surcharge .

    See figure for different between retaining wall and breast wall.

    See less
    • 2
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 6 6 Answers
  • 970 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: July 15, 2020In: Geotechnical Engineering

What is Relative Compaction?

vivek gami
vivek gami

vivek gami

  • 54 Questions
  • 16 Answers
  • 5 Best Answers
  • 93 Points
View Profile
vivek gami User

What is Relative Compaction? How it is used on-site?

  1. Vivek Patel

    Vivek Patel

    • 39 Questions
    • 80 Answers
    • 1 Best Answer
    • 6 Points
    View Profile
    Vivek Patel User
    Added an answer on July 16, 2020 at 2:40 pm

    Relative compaction is a ration of the density of soil at site to the maximum dry density of soil. like we have maximum dry density of soil have 1800 kg/m3 which determine in lab now on site we can archive 1700 kg/m3 by compaction of dumped soil so relative density of that soil on site is =1700/1800Read more

    Relative compaction is a ration of the density of soil at site to the maximum dry density of soil.

    like we have maximum dry density of soil have 1800 kg/m3 which determine in lab

    now on site we can archive 1700 kg/m3 by compaction of dumped soil

    so relative density of that soil on site is =1700/1800=0.9444 = 94.44%

    it is use for

    1. to know how much density we archive compare to design in lab
    2. sometime in specification minimum criteria of relative density are given, ex- minimum relative density at whole site should be 90%.
    3. from relative density we can calculate actual movement of soil, which is very important in tall building and structural durability calculation
    See less
    • 2
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 1 1 Answer
  • 874 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: July 17, 2020In: Structural Engineering

What is effect of steel and aluminium, if we use it as reinforcement in structure?

Himanshu joshi
Himanshu joshi

Himanshu joshi

  • 11 Questions
  • 27 Answers
  • 0 Best Answers
  • 767 Points
View Profile
Himanshu joshi Learner

What is the effect of steel and aluminum, if we use it as reinforcement in structure?

  1. vivek gami

    vivek gami

    • 54 Questions
    • 16 Answers
    • 5 Best Answers
    • 93 Points
    View Profile
    Best Answer
    vivek gami User
    Added an answer on July 18, 2020 at 2:47 pm

    Both have different properties & a separate cost which describes below. steel As compared aluminium,steel have less corrosion resistance Steel are chiper than aluminium Steel give lesser malleability and elastic properties than aluminium In weight steel have higher weight Steel is tough & haRead more

    Both have different properties & a separate cost which describes below.

    steel

    • As compared aluminium,steel have less corrosion resistance
    • Steel are chiper than aluminium
    • Steel give lesser malleability and elastic properties than aluminium
    • In weight steel have higher weight
    • Steel is tough & harder than alluminium
    • Generally we use steel as a reinforced member in concrete structures
    • Esay to weld with other structural components.

    Aluminum

    • Higher corrosion resistance
    • Higher cost
    • Higher
    • malleability and elastic properties
    • Lesser weight
    • Generally we not use in concrete
    • Difficult to weld
    • Aluminum is soft metal compare to steel.

     

    We are generally use steel as a reinforcement.

    We doesn’t use aluminium because of soft metal property

    See less
    • 1
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 5 5 Answers
  • 219 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: November 28, 2020In: Concrete

Why is the risk of efflorescence formation in cement-based materials high in coastal areas?

Dilan Kasun
Dilan Kasun

Dilan Kasun

  • 1 Question
  • 0 Answers
  • 0 Best Answers
  • 25 Points
View Profile
Dilan Kasun User

it is observed that formation of efflorescence is high in coastal areas. process of efflorescence formation in cementitious materials is understood. only reasons to having high risk of efflorescence formation are needed to be cleared. please advice

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

    • 37 Questions
    • 252 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 480 Points
    View Profile
    aviratdhodare
    Added an answer on January 9, 2021 at 5:56 pm

    Efflorescence is layer of salts left behind by an evaporating sol'n of salts on masonry surfaces. It is quite usual on plastered walls, ceilings, concrete, cement plastering, and painted walls. Why and how does it occur? It occurs when the dissolved salts in cement, sand, and water in constructionsRead more

    Efflorescence is layer of salts left behind by an evaporating sol’n of salts on masonry surfaces. It is quite usual on plastered walls, ceilings, concrete, cement plastering, and painted walls.

    Why and how does it occur? It occurs when the dissolved salts in cement, sand, and water in constructions are brought to the surface through leaching. In the second stage, the water evaporates to the atmosphere leaving powdery crystalline salts on the surface.

    These salts could be present in cement due to breakdown and aging.
    The sand used is of inferior quality containing salts. Though river sands are used in construction, excessive quarrying could lead to poorer quality. Instead of using sand from river or lake beds, adulteration with seashore sand could be the cause.
    Water used for curing is impure with dissolved salts in it. Saline water with dissolved salts could turn out to be the culprit.

    At the initial stages, the formation of a salt layer on the surface could go unnoticed. However repetitive cycles of evaporation and leaching steadily build-up the salt and the seriousness of the problem is visual. In some cases, growth in fungi could be noticed accompanied by efflorescence leading to unhygienic spaces.

    Let us turn our attention to the question of the acceleration of corrosion near the seashores. Galvanic corrosion is the type of corrosion noticed near seashores. Salt in the form of aerosols reaches places located 30 KM inshore.

    Salt, water, and the wind are the players that accelerate the corrosion process. Near the seashores, all these prime ingredients are readily available.

    See less
    • 2
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 1 1 Answer
  • 495 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: July 19, 2020In: Structural Engineering

What is murrum soil?

Vivek Patel
Vivek Patel

Vivek Patel

  • 39 Questions
  • 80 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 6 Points
View Profile
Vivek Patel User

What is murrum soil ? Is it rock ? What is its density approximately?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

    • 23 Questions
    • 303 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 2,680 Points
    View Profile
    nikeetasharma Guru
    Added an answer on September 13, 2020 at 9:23 pm

    Murrum soil is the soil of humid tropical or equatorial zones. It is characterised by the deep weathered layer fom which silica has been leached. Thus, there is no humus, but an accumulation of aluminium and iron oxides and hydroxides. These soils are reddish in color & is imparted by the iron cRead more

    Murrum soil is the soil of humid tropical or equatorial zones. It is characterised by the deep weathered layer fom which silica has been leached. Thus, there is no humus, but an accumulation of aluminium and iron oxides and hydroxides. These soils are reddish in color & is imparted by the iron compounds. For building huts and paths, they are good materials, as it can be compacted easily to form hard surfaces.

    Murrum soil comes under laterite soil. Laterite is a soil and a rock type rich in iron and aluminium. Murrum soil is also referred as being a rock type but it is not a rock.

    The approximate density of murrum soil is 1.8 gm/cc.

     

    See less
    • 33
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 4 4 Answers
  • 2,010 Views
  • 0 Followers
Load More Questions

Sidebar

Popular Articles

  • Gopal Mishra

    Types of Foundation for Buildings and their Uses [PDF]

  • Gopal Mishra

    Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test [PDF], Procedure, Results

  • Padmanabhan G

    Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transport, and Storage

  • Sadanandam Anupoju

    16 Types of Heavy Equipment Used in Construction

  • Fasi Ur Rahman

    Standard Size of Rooms in Residential Building and their Locations

Recent Articles

  • Xian

    Bricklaying Robots in Construction #2

  • Xian

    Welcome to the Gutenberg Editor

  • Xian

    Bricklaying Robots in Construction

  • Ravi Panwar

    Rongjiang Bridge: The World’s Longest Bridge of Rigid Girder and Flexible Arch

  • Ravi Panwar

    Qinghai–Tibet Railway: The Longest and Highest Highland Railway in the World

Recent Questions

  • Shailendra

    In what case is a Shear Key provided in Foundation?

    • 0 Answers
  • Salman

    What is piping technology for termite treatment in building?

    • 0 Answers
  • nikeetasharma

    Which instrument is widely used for surveying?

    • 1 Answer
  • nikeetasharma

    Which type of reinforcement are used in pre-stressing?

    • 0 Answers
  • Bhavani Pesaru

    How can we use magnetic levitation method in civil engineering?

    • 0 Answers

Explore

  • Questions
    • Popular Questions
    • Trending Questions
    • New Questions
    • No Answer Questions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Building
    • Brick Masonry
    • Building Materials
    • Building Tips
    • Formwork/Shuttering
  • Concrete
    • Concrete Admixtures
    • Cement
    • Concrete Cracks
    • Concrete Properties
  • Construction
    • Construction Equipments
    • Construction Management
    • Construction Project
    • Estimating & Costing
  • How To Guide
    • Material Estimation
    • Repair/Protection Guide
    • Material Testing Guide
    • Mix Design Guide
    • Rate Analysis
  • Geotechnical
    • Foundation Engineering
    • Ground Improvement
  • Structural Engineering
    • Strengthening of Structure
    • Structual Inspection
    • Structural Detailing
  • Surveying
  • Tips

Footer

  • Home
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms & Conditions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Popular Questions
  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • Telegram

© 2009-2021 The Constructor. All Rights Reserved.