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What is spirit leveling in survey work?
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, Sprit levelling is the measurement of elevation difference between two adjacent points by measuring the vertical distances wrt perpendicular to gravity. A horizontal plane sight tangent to the level surface is easily established utilizing a spirit level. In spirit leveling, a spirit level and aRead more
Hi,
- Sprit levelling is the measurement of elevation difference between two adjacent points by measuring the vertical distances wrt perpendicular to gravity.
- A horizontal plane sight tangent to the level surface is easily established utilizing a spirit level. In spirit leveling, a spirit level and a sighting device are combined, and vertical distances are measured by observing graduated rods placed on the points.
- Spirit leveling also called direct leveling. This is the common and precise method used by site engineers.
See lessWhy is the degree of saturation of soil treated as constant throughout the consolidation process?
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, Consolidation itself means that reduction in the volume of soil if it is fully saturated. Otherwise, it is called compaction If saturation is not equalled to a hundred per cent. In the consolidation process, we need to decrease the volume but not decrease the amount of water in it. This processRead more
Hi,
Hope you the concept.
See lessWhat is the best method for ground improvement technique?
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, There is no best method for ground improvement, you should adopt as per the type of soil and your requirement of stabilization and bearing capacity. Well, the steps of ground improvement techniques are according to the individual needs and plot of land and the purpose of the use of ground for imRead more
Hi,
There is no best method for ground improvement, you should adopt as per the type of soil and your requirement of stabilization and bearing capacity.
Well, the steps of ground improvement techniques are according to the individual needs and plot of land and the purpose of the use of ground for improvement.
For different types of usage of land at different methods should be adopted to make the soil improve for various uses so that it is best for domestic and commercial use.
See lessWhat is the Time period of a building and its relation with frequency?
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, Natural frequency (f) =√stiffness/√Mass of structure. Take the case of a very tall building which is susceptible to damage whan earthquake occur will have higher group and hence lower natural frequency. Thereby, it is desirable to have higher natural frequencies. Also, at low natural frequencieRead more
Hi,
Natural frequency (f) =√stiffness/√Mass of structure.
- Take the case of a very tall building which is susceptible to damage whan earthquake occur will have higher group and hence lower natural frequency.
- Thereby, it is desirable to have higher natural frequencies. Also, at low natural frequencies, the structure can resonate easier and hence lead to amplification.
- I do not know enough about building dynamics to comment about this mathematically, but this is a plausible argument.
See lessHow to Repair Damaged Beams and Walls in Load Bearing Construction?
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, For repairing of Structures like a load-bearing wall, please refer American Concrete Institute (ACI) - 562, 562-16. It is a code used for the assessment and repairs and the rehabilitation of existing concrete structures. It is specially developed to work for the international existing building cRead more
Hi,
- For repairing of Structures like a load-bearing wall, please refer American Concrete Institute (ACI) – 562, 562-16.
- It is a code used for the assessment and repairs and the rehabilitation of existing concrete structures.
- It is specially developed to work for the international existing building code (IEBC) and the adoption of standard code alone.
- This code provides a minimum requirement for the repairs and assessment of the concrete structures, members and also sustains where it is applicable and also for non-building structures.
See lessWhat is the difference between UTM and WGS in GIS software ?
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, UTM specifies how lat/long locations as E/N co-ordinates in the database and on the screen or a printed map.If you want to use anything other than latitude/longitude to specify locations, you need a map projection. UTM is common for larger GIS projects. WGS84 allows you to have a datum in the fuRead more
Hi,
- UTM specifies how lat/long locations as E/N co-ordinates in the database and on the screen or a printed map.If you want to use anything other than latitude/longitude to specify locations, you need a map projection. UTM is common for larger GIS projects. WGS84 allows you to have a datum in the full meaning of the term, and this is projected using the map projection. UTM is a map projection system: Universal Transverse Mercator. A map projection allows you to take any latitude/longitude based location on the Earth and transform it into an E/N (or X/Y) location on a plane cartesian system. It also works in reverse.
- WGS is a datum and ellipsoid that model the Earth.
- In GIS, specifying WGS84 as the datum means you can use GPS data directly. Still, it primarily allows a definition of what you mean by the co-ordinate origin and the orientation of the reference frame’s axes, together with the reference ellipsoid you are using.
See lessWhat Will be Change in Concrete Strength after 2 Years?
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, Refer to the chart between compressive strength in MPa Vs age of concrete pavement. Generally, the standard grade of concrete will gain a 16% strength on the first day, Remaining 40% in after 3 days and 90% after 14 days, and almost 90% after 28 days. And with an increase in time the rate of hydRead more
Hi,
Refer to the chart between compressive strength in MPa Vs age of concrete pavement.
Generally, the standard grade of concrete will gain a 16% strength on the first day, Remaining 40% in after 3 days and 90% after 14 days, and almost 90% after 28 days. And with an increase in time the rate of hydration decrease decreases which increases the strength with time Show us the strength of concrete pavement increases after 2 years.
See lessHow to Calculate Rate Analysis For Concrete 1:2:4?
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, Please specify the type of wastage you would like to reduce. Because cement sand and aggregate are measured at the initial stage and then for the mix for making a concrete paste. So if mix ratio is correct then there is no probability of wastage of these materials. In some cases, if the mix ratiRead more
Hi,
Please specify the type of wastage you would like to reduce. Because cement sand and aggregate are measured at the initial stage and then for the mix for making a concrete paste. So if mix ratio is correct then there is no probability of wastage of these materials. In some cases, if the mix ratio is not proper then more amount of concrete test it is made by the labour which is considered as the waste. But it depends upon is site engineer and mix ratio. Steel reinforcement is also used in construction, which manufactured in proper length. Thus, some small parts remain in used and considered as waste.
Hope you get the answer.
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