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Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction Site Related

What Reinforcements are used in the Process of Prestressing?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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What Reinforcements are used in the Process of Prestressing?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 19, 2020 at 11:49 pm
    This answer was edited.
    What Reinforcements are used in the Process of Prestressing?

    Reinforcements used in the process of prestressing: Especially in case of prestressing, we are using strands of Steel and it's called tendons. Tendons are made of high strength Steel. Three major types of reinforcements which are used in Prestressing: Spalling R/f Equilibrium R/f Bursting R/f CombinRead more

    Reinforcements used in the process of prestressing:

    Especially in case of prestressing, we are using strands of Steel and it’s called tendons.


    Tendons are made of high strength Steel.


    Three major types of reinforcements which are used in Prestressing:

    1. Spalling R/f
    2. Equilibrium R/f
    3. Bursting R/f

    Combination of reducing the structural thickness reduced conventional reinforcements quantities and fast construction often results in un prestressed structure.


    Thank You.  

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Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction Site Related

Why should curing not be done by ponding and polythene sheets?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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Why should curing not be done by ponding and polythene sheets?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Komal Bhandakkar AUTHOR
    Added an answer on October 19, 2020 at 11:37 pm
    This answer was edited.
    Why should curing not be done by ponding and polythene sheets?

    The reason behind not usage of water curing and polythene sheets type of curing: Disadvantages of ponding curing: Ponding curing needs to be done under continuous supervision by professional labours. Cold wind affects the ponding adversely. After the curing process using ponding that the large aboutRead more

    The reason behind not usage of water curing and polythene sheets type of curing:

    Disadvantages of ponding curing:

    • Ponding curing needs to be done under continuous supervision by professional labours.
    • Cold wind affects the ponding adversely.
    • After the curing process using ponding that the large about it needs to be disposed of the curing side.

    Disadvantages of polythene sheets:

    • Polythene sheets can be easily blown off and this is one of the most disadvantages of such type of curing process.
    • This does not windy weather.
    • Polythene sheets may cause discolouration.

    Thank you.

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Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction Site Related

Why is propping required for long structures once the formwork is removed?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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Why is propping required for long structures once the formwork is removed?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on November 12, 2020 at 8:09 pm

    When the sufficient strength is attained for the long span concrete structures to support their self weight, creep deflection may occur in these structures if propping is not provided after the removal of formwork. Hence repropping is carried out after removing formwork and thus these props should nRead more

    When the sufficient strength is attained for the long span concrete structures to support their self weight, creep deflection may occur in these structures if propping is not provided after the removal of formwork. Hence repropping is carried out after removing formwork and thus these props should not be allowed to stand too long because creep loads may overstress them.

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Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction Site Related

What is the meaning of Soil Reinforcement?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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What is the meaning of Soil Reinforcement?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on November 28, 2020 at 1:30 pm

    Soil reinforcement is the process used to improve the stiffness and the strength of soil using geo-engineering methods.

    Soil reinforcement is the process used to improve the stiffness and the strength of soil using geo-engineering methods.

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Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction Site Related

What is Bursting Reinforcement?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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What is Bursting Reinforcement?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on December 17, 2020 at 3:50 pm

    There are three types of bursting reinforcement :- 1. Spalling reinforcement 2. Equilibrium reinforcement 3. Bursting reinforcement

    There are three types of bursting reinforcement :-
    1. Spalling reinforcement
    2. Equilibrium reinforcement
    3. Bursting reinforcement

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Asked: July 27, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What are the problems associated with prestressed concrete piles?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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What are the problems associated with prestressed concrete piles?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on December 21, 2020 at 3:05 pm

    Since the installation method of Daido piles is changed, construction problems like deformation of pile tip shoes, crushing of concrete at pile tip etc. occur.

    Since the installation method of Daido piles is changed, construction problems like deformation of pile tip shoes, crushing of concrete at pile tip etc. occur.

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Asked: July 24, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What are the impurities added while manufacturing steel?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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What are the impurities added while manufacturing steel?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on November 28, 2020 at 7:00 pm

    In steelmaking, impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorous, sulfur and excess carbon are removed from the source iron and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium, carbon, and vanadium are added to produce different grades of steel.

    In steelmaking, impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorous, sulfur and excess carbon are removed from the source iron and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium, carbon, and vanadium are added to produce different grades of steel.

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Asked: July 24, 2020In: Construction

What is a Floor Area Ratio (FAR)?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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What is a Floor Area Ratio (FAR)?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on October 10, 2020 at 3:05 pm

    What does FLOOR AREA RATIO mean: FAR is a technical term used in Urban Planning that determines the total built-up space of the building on a plot of land. Generally, the FAR of the City or the Area is fixed by the government, based on various parameters like infrastructure, population or populationRead more

    What does FLOOR AREA RATIO mean:

    FAR is a technical term used in Urban Planning that determines the total built-up space of the building on a plot of land. Generally, the FAR of the City or the Area is fixed by the government, based on various parameters like infrastructure, population or population growth. These you will understand once you are going through this issue.

    So by Definition FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR) is the ratio of BUILDING’S TOTAL COVERED AREA to THE SIZE OF THE PLOT on which it is built.

    BUILDING’S TOTAL COVERED AREA is the Gross Floor Area.

    Formula for FAR

    FAR = TOTAL COVERED AREA (ALL FLOORS)/ AREA OF PLOT.

    For e.f. If there are 4 Floors and each Floor is of 5000 Sq feet, then the Total Covered Area of all the Floors is 20000 Sq Feet and the size of the plot is 10000 Sq Feet, then FAR = 20000/10000 = 2. In some areas it is mentioned as % i,e, 200% or somewhere it is mentioned simply 200. So if it is 200 then it means the FAR of the City or Area is 2, meaning one is authorized to build up the covered area 2 times to that of the plot area.

    But Generally FAR is fixed by the government, for particular City or Area and the FAR can be used to calculate the Total Covered Area that is built on a plot of land.

    NOTE: There is one more term FLOOR SPACE INDEX i.e. FSI. The meaning of FAR and FSI is the same. There is a difference of only denoting these two. FAR is always mentioned in percentage. For e.g. the FAR of any City / Area is 200% then the FSI of the same City / Area will be denoted as 2.0.

    Let us understand with the help of an illustration as in the image below:

    For e.g. the total Plot Area is 10000 Sq feet

    CASE 1: If FAR of a place is 0.5, then the total area to be built up is allowed only 5000 sq feet.

    OPTION A: One can construct in 50% of the plot area, only one floor of 5000 sq feet. So FAR = 5000/10000=0.5

    OPTION B : One can construct in 25% 2 Stories of 2500 sq feet of each. So FAR = (2X2500)/10000=5000/10000 = 0.5

    What is Floor Area Ratio (FAR)? | Seattle's Land Use Code

    CASE 2: If FAR of a place is 1.0, then the total area to be built up is allowed only 10000 sq feet.

    OPTION A: One can construct in 100% of the plot area, only one floor of 10000 sq feet. So FAR = 10000/10000=1.0

    OPTION B : One can construct in 50% of the plot area ,2 Stories floor of 5000 sq feet. So FAR = (5000 X 2) /10000 = 10000/10000=1.0

    OPTION C : One can construct in 25% 4 stories of 2500 sq feet of each. So FAR = (2500 X 4) /10000=10000/10000 = 1.0

    CASE 3: If FAR of a place is 2.0, then the total area to be built up is allowed only 20000 sq feet.

    OPTION A : One can construct in 100% of the plot area ,2 Stories of 10000 sq feet each. So FAR = (10000 X 2 )/10000 = 20000/10000=2.0

    OPTION B : One can construct in 50% of the plot area ,4 Stories floor of 5000 sq feet. So FAR = (5000 X 4) /10000 = 20000/10000=2.0

    OPTION C : One can construct in 25% 8 stories of 2500 sq feet of each. So FAR = (2500 X 8) /10000=20000/10000 = 1.0

    So if you know the FAR, you can calculate the total covered area that can be built on the plot.

    How much open area you have to leave or how much area can be built up depends on the zoning and planning regulations also. For e.g. how much area to be left for:

    • Setback.
    • Parking
    • Ground Coverage or Maximum Ground Coverage.
    • Height Restrictions

    FACTORS URBAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY CONSIDER WHILE DECIDING FAR:

    • The current population of the City / Area: When the population of the City / Area is high, the FAR is also high, it means the government is intending for Vertical Development as compared to the spread-out development,
    • Population Growth: If the population growth rate is high, then also the FAR of the City / Area is high
    • Infrastructure: Infrastructure also plays a key role while deciding the FAR of the City / Area. If Infrastructure is low then FAR will be kept low otherwise there will be pressure on infrastructural facilities viz, water, power supply, transport etc. If Infrastructure of the City / Area is already high and developed by the government relative to population density, then FAR can be kept at a higher level by the Authorities.

    Note: If in the City / Area, the infrastructure is low but the population is growing at a faster rate, then the government has to increase the infrastructure and FAR has to be kept higher to accommodate the high growing population.

    So when FAR increases the Population Density of the City / Area increases.

    IMPACT OF HIGH FAR:

    • Higher Population Density
    • Stress on Infrastructure
    • Better Profitability for Developers
    • High Land Value
    • Better Walkability

    IMPACT OF LOW FAR:

    • Lower Population Density.
    • Better Per Capita Infrastructure
    • Reduced Profitability for the Developers.
    • Low Land Prices.
    • Long Travel Distances
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