Geotechnical Engineering

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aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

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What is adsorbed water, and how does it affect the permeability of soil?

  1. sanjaypakad

    sanjaypakad

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    sanjaypakad Beginner

    Adsorbed water The term 'Adsorbed water' as it applies to the area of reclamation can be defined as ' Water in a soil or rock mass, held by physico-chemical forces, having physical properties substantially different from absorbed water or chemically combined water, at the same temperature and pressuRead more

    Adsorbed water

    The term ‘Adsorbed water’ as it applies to the area of reclamation can be defined as ‘ Water in a soil or rock mass, held by physico-chemical forces, having physical properties substantially different from absorbed water or chemically combined water, at the same temperature and pressure’.

    How affects the permeability :

    Fine particles of clay are surrounded by films of adsorbed water. Forces of adsorption and development of diffuse ion-layer around the clay particles create immobilized hydrodynamic layers of water, thereby reducing the effective pore space available for seepage.

     

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Vivek Patel
Vivek Patel

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What is zero air void line in soil?

  1. Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

    Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

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    Abbas Khan Civil Engineer Learner

    The zero Air Void line is obtained when there is no presence of the air in the pores of a soil mass and totally filled with the water and soil mass get saturated. It is determined by the compaction test of a soil. Draw the graph between Dry Density VS water content, calculate the dry density from thRead more

    The zero Air Void line is obtained when there is no presence of the air in the pores of a soil mass and totally filled with the water and soil mass get saturated. It is determined by the compaction test of a soil. Draw the graph between Dry Density VS water content, calculate the dry density from the compaction test results, and Zero Air void line is drawn on the graph.

     

    Graph A

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Rohan Chaugule
Rohan Chaugule

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What is Braced Excavation?

  1. Kuldeep Singh

    Kuldeep Singh

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    What is Braced Excavation?

    Braced excavation is a method where deep excavations with straight vertical faces are laterally supported by a sheeting and bracing system until the structure is built. In deep excavations creating a safe slope on the excavation face just for safety is generally not feasible due to high cost, inabunRead more

    Braced excavation is a method where deep excavations with straight vertical faces are laterally supported by a sheeting and bracing system until the structure is built.

    In deep excavations creating a safe slope on the excavation face just for safety is generally not feasible due to high cost, inabundance of space and other structures present nearby. So, the excavation is temperorly supported by sheets/walls and struts, which are removed individually when their requirements cease. Relatively flexible sheets/walls are placed against excavation walls and supported by horizontal struts which in turn resist the earth pressure in compression.

    Some methods are vertical timber sheeting, shoring, steel sheet piling, soldier beams and also tiebacks.

    These structures might not be removed later but they may or may structurallynot be structurally important apart from offering temperorly lateral support. For example, tie backs support excavations and also replace permanent retaining walls.

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RaghavArora
RaghavArora

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What is a tachometry? What is it’s used in civil engineering projects?

  1. Soumyadeep Halder

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    Soumyadeep Halder User

    ans- defination Tacheometric is a branch of surveying in which horizontal and vertical distances are determined by taking angular observation with an instrument known as a tachometer. Tacheometric surveying is adopted in rough in rough and difficult terrain where direct levelling and chaining are eiRead more

    ans- defination

    Tacheometric is a branch of surveying in which horizontal and vertical distances are
    determined by taking angular observation with an instrument known as a tachometer.
    Tacheometric surveying is adopted in rough in rough and difficult terrain where direct levelling
    and chaining are either not possible or very tedious.
    Tacheometric survey also can be used for Railways, Roadways, and reservoirs etc.
    Tacheometric surveying is very rapid, and a reasonable contour map can be prepared for
    investigation works within a short time on the basis of such survey.
    An ordinary transits theodolite fitted with a stadia diaphragm is generally used for tacheometric
    surveying.

    Uses of Tachometry in civil engineering
    Tachometry is used for preparation of topographic map where both horizontal and vertical
    distances are required to be measured; survey work in difficult terrain where direct methods of
    measurements are inconvenient; reconnaissance survey for highways and railways etc.;
    Establishment of secondary control points.

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Himanshu joshi
Himanshu joshi

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Why abutment in bridge is designed as earth pressure and rest condition?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    nikeetasharma Guru

    Abutment in bridge is designed as earth pressure and rest condition because abutments support the ends of the bridge and transfer the loads from the superstructure in to the ground. The abutments also support the bearing devices and the backwalls Moreover, bridge abutments connect the deck, or surfaRead more

    Abutment in bridge is designed as earth pressure and rest condition because abutments support the ends of the bridge and transfer the loads from the superstructure in to the ground. The abutments also support the bearing devices and the backwalls Moreover, bridge abutments connect the deck, or surface of the bridge, to the ground and help support its weight both horizontally and vertically. On short bridges, one abutment is placed at either end of the bridge and connected to the embankment, sometimes including a retaining wall.

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Komal Bhandakkar
Komal Bhandakkar

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How can we differentiate clay and silt apart from its sizes?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Here, from a geotechnical perspective you can’t differentiate silt and clay on the basis of grain size because it can be irrelevant to material behaviour. Silt and clay are both the result of the physical and chemical breakdown of the minerals in rocks. They main difference is in chemical compositioRead more

    Here, from a geotechnical perspective you can’t differentiate silt and clay on the basis of grain size because it can be irrelevant to material behaviour.

    Silt and clay are both the result of the physical and chemical breakdown of the minerals in rocks. They main difference is in chemical composition and particle size.

    Silt is composed of silicate minerals, or those containing silicon and oxygen.

    Clay is composed of metal silicates, or silicates with metals like magnesium or aluminum associated with it.

    But in terms of handling the two as part of an experiment, the main discernible difference is particle size. Sand particles are larger than silt particles which are in turn larger than clay particles. Silt particles are about 0.05 to 0.002 millimeters in size. Clay particles are smaller than micrometer in size. So silt particles are too small to really be felt with your fingers like grains of sand. But wet silt will feel very smooth like finely ground baking flour. Clay particles are so small that they will simply feel sticky. You won’t be able to move them around your fingers like silt particles. This stickiness will be the main difference between the two in terms of touch.

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vivek gami
vivek gami

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What is Supersaturated in Soil?

  1. Vivek Patel

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    Basically in soil there is 3 part Solids partical Air Water When water added to soil, at that time soil become saturated. And when air contain replace by water and soil become fully saturated at that time soil have two part one is water and one is solid partical.   If we add more water than fulRead more

    Basically in soil there is 3 part

    1. Solids partical
    2. Air
    3. Water

    When water added to soil, at that time soil become saturated. And when air contain replace by water and soil become fully saturated at that time soil have two part one is water and one is solid partical.

     

    If we add more water than fully saturation, hence saturation of soil is 100% or more than that, is called the supersaturated stage.

    Water content more than shrinkage limit called supersaturated stage

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nikeetasharma
nikeetasharma

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How can Artificial Intelligence be used in Geotechnical Engineering?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.

    Hi, Geotechnical engineering deals with materials (e.g., soil and rock) that, by their very nature, exhibit varied and behavior due to the physical processes associated with the formation of these materials. Modeling such materials' behavior is complicated and usually beyond the ability of most tradRead more

    Hi,

    Geotechnical engineering deals with materials (e.g., soil and rock) that, by their very nature, exhibit varied and behavior due to the physical processes associated with the formation of these materials. Modeling such materials’ behavior is complicated and usually beyond the ability of most traditional forms of physically-based engineering methods. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more popular and particularly amenable to modeling most geotechnical engineering materials’ complex behavior because it has demonstrated superior predictive ability compared to traditional methods. Over the last decade, AI has been applied successfully to virtually every problem in geotechnical engineering. However, despite this success, AI techniques are still facing classical opposition due to some inherent reasons such as lack of transparency, knowledge extraction, and model uncertainty, which will discuss in detail in this chapter. Among the available AI, techniques are artificial neural networks (ANNs), genetic programming (GP), evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR), support vector machines, M5 model trees, and K-nearest neighbors (Elshorbagy et al.,2010). This chapter will focus on three AI techniques, including ANNs, GP, and EPR. 

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