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What is an Outcrop in the Rocks? What is its significance in civil engineering?
What will be the best method to calculate vertical stress of soil in geotechnical engineering ?
It depends on the condition of soil. Wt of dry soil +wt of water in soil + overlying Wt if any and so on. read the fallowing article in google for better idea. Vertical stress in the ground
It depends on the condition of soil. Wt of dry soil +wt of water in soil + overlying Wt if any and so on. read the fallowing article in google for better idea.
See lessI have confusion regarding proctor compaction test. As per Is code 2720: 8, soil sample used should be sieved through 19mm sieve.Then what is the relevance of 4.75mm sieve? Please clarify me regarding the soil sample and the usage of ...
As per Is code 2720: 8 section 4.1.1, Sieve No.4 is used to check whether aggregation materials after they have been broken into individual particles. and only individual particles shall be retained on the sieve no. 4. So, sieve No. 4 is used to check whether the aggregation materials have been brokRead more
As per Is code 2720: 8 section 4.1.1, Sieve No.4 is used to check whether aggregation materials after they have been broken into individual particles. and only individual particles shall be retained on the sieve no. 4. So, sieve No. 4 is used to check whether the aggregation materials have been broken down properly or not.
Based on ASTM D698-00a, Sieve no. 4 used to determine the method of compaction test. This Standard provides three Method of testing namely Method A, Method B, and Method C.
Method A may be used if 20 % or less by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
Method B Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and 20 % or less by mass of the material is retained on the 3⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.
Method C —Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the material is retained on the 3⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve and less than 30 % by mass of the material is retained on the 3⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
See lessWhat is the purpose of applying a Geo Textile layer in ground improvement techniques?
Geotextile layers are a very comprehensive means of soil stabilization through reinforcement. The primary purpose is to provide tensile reinforcement just like steel does for concrete, so as to create a confining pressure in the soil to prevent slippage, caving, or any kind of soil deformation. OtheRead more
Geotextile layers are a very comprehensive means of soil stabilization through reinforcement.
The primary purpose is to provide tensile reinforcement just like steel does for concrete, so as to create a confining pressure in the soil to prevent slippage, caving, or any kind of soil deformation. Other than that, geotextiles can help achieve higher grades of compaction, easier and steeper slope stabilization, and check erosion.
The mechanism is fairly similar to that of steel reinforcement in concrete. The geotextile layers are fairly good in resisting tension, and there is a great deal of friction between the soil and the geotextile. When soil is loaded vertically, it tends to bulge horizontally, but there exists a counteracting shear stress creating a reverse confining pressure in the soil and preventing deformations.
Other than the above, geotextile layers have also been used to replace inclined retaining walls partially, subgrade stabilization and base reinforcement in roads, maintaining railway trackbed levels and geometry, preventing rainfall erosion isolation of base and subgrade of sports pitches and even reinforcement of retaining walls.
See lessDear Memebers, Has any one a Excel format to Design a Footing Subjected to Biaxial bending combined with uplift and pressure, in SI units. Regards Biradar
Sir, Footing is the lowermost part of foundation. Footings are subjected to axial load and bending that can have a portion of their footing area that does not act in bearing. Generally, a direct method of proportioning a rectangular footing area subjected to biaxial bending is proposed as an alternaRead more
Sir,
Footing is the lowermost part of foundation.
Footings are subjected to axial load and bending that can have a portion of their footing area that does not act in bearing.
Generally, a direct method of proportioning a rectangular footing area subjected to biaxial bending is proposed as an alternative to the trial and error method of the given solution.
See lessWhat is different between Prandtal mixing length and Boundarylayer ?
Prandtl mixing line theory is the phenomenon of momentum remaining constant in fluid flow where the boundary layer is a theory of variations of velocity perpendicular to the floor and velocity value change from 0 to infinite. Prandtl mixing theory is used for the study of momentum in fluid flow. BouRead more
Prandtl mixing line theory is the phenomenon of momentum remaining constant in fluid flow where the boundary layer is a theory of variations of velocity perpendicular to the floor and velocity value change from 0 to infinite.
Prandtl mixing theory is used for the study of momentum in fluid flow.
Boundary layer theory is used for the study of velocity distributions in fluid flow.
See lessHello, I’m currently studying for my FE Civil exam and going over Geotech material. When classifying soils using USCS, after you’ve determined the soil is a fine-grained soil, how can you know if the soil is organic or inorganic?
There are a few parameters that you can use to judge whether a soil is organic or inorganic. Organic soils have fairly lower bulk densities than inorganic soils (0.2 to 0.3 as compared to 1.2 to 1.5). Organic soils will feel significantly lighter. Organic soils can retain way more water than inorganRead more
There are a few parameters that you can use to judge whether a soil is organic or inorganic.
Organic soils have fairly lower bulk densities than inorganic soils (0.2 to 0.3 as compared to 1.2 to 1.5). Organic soils will feel significantly lighter.
Organic soils can retain way more water than inorganic soils (in proportions if their own densities).
The color of organic soils is usually darker than inorganic soils. But this is not a good parameter for comparison since the color is affected by other things as well apart from organic nature.
Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is higher in organic soils (4 times as that of inorganic soils). This means that organic soils will have a lower pH, higher exchangeable hydrogen, more calcium and magnesium ions, and higher exchangeable calcium content.
See lessHi, With regards to your article (link: https://test.theconstructor.org/geotechnical/soil-maximum-dry-density-optimum-moisture-content/18426/), what is the reference in standards. I done check with BS 1377:1990 Part 4 ; but there is no statement saying the range of optimum moisture content for different soil type. If your author ...
The optimum moisture content of soil actually varies and a standard value for silt, clay, and sand is not strictly mentioned in most of the codes. The values mentioned in the article were based on the general laboratory test values based on Indian Standard Tests and Indian soil conditions. If my knoRead more
The optimum moisture content of soil actually varies and a standard value for silt, clay, and sand is not strictly mentioned in most of the codes. The values mentioned in the article were based on the general laboratory test values based on Indian Standard Tests and Indian soil conditions.
If my knowledge is right, we do mention the average moisture content value within a range.
Thanks for your feedback and query
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nikeetasharma
Rock outcrops are defined as visible exposures of bedrock or other geologic formations at the surface of the Earth. Rock outcrops take many different forms within the Park, ranging from the massive granite boulders of Old Rag Mountain, to the sheer cliffs of Little Stony Man, and the jumbled boulderRead more
Rock outcrops are defined as visible exposures of bedrock or other geologic formations at the surface of the Earth. Rock outcrops take many different forms within the Park, ranging from the massive granite boulders of Old Rag Mountain, to the sheer cliffs of Little Stony Man, and the jumbled boulder fields of Blackrock.
Most civil engineering projects involve some excavation of soils and rocks, or involve loading the Earth by building on it. In some cases, the excavated rocks may be used as constructional material, and in others, rocks may form a major part of the finished product, such as a motorway cutting or the site f or a reservoir. The feasibility, the planning and design, the construction and costing, and the safety of a project may depend critically on the geological conditions where the construction will take place. This is especially the case in extended ‘greenfield’ sites, where the area affected by the project stretches for kilometres, across comparatively undeveloped ground. Examples include the Channel Tunnel project and the construction of motorways. In a section of the M9 motorway linking Edinburgh and Stirling that crosses abandoned oil-shale workings, realignment of the road, on the advice of government geologists, led to a substantial saving. In modest projects, or in those involving the redevelopment of a limited site, the demands on the geological knowledge of the engineer or the need for geological advice will be less, but are never negligible. Site investigation by boring and by testing samples may be an adequate preliminary to construction in such cases.
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