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Ancy Joby
Ancy Joby

Ancy Joby

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Which methods are used to compute ‘Runoff’ from a catchment?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    The curve number method is an adaptable and widely used for runoff estimation. This method is important properties of the watershed, specifically soil permeability, land use and antecedent soil water conditions which take into consideration. Thus, straightforward methods of calculating runoff can teRead more

    The curve number method is an adaptable and widely used for runoff estimation. This method is important properties of the watershed, specifically soil permeability, land use and antecedent soil water conditions which take into consideration. Thus, straightforward methods of calculating runoff can tell you the amount of water that storms bring to the earth. For a given surface area such as a roof or yard, multiply the area by the inches of rainfall and divide by 231 to obtain the runoff in gallons.

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Ancy Joby
Ancy Joby

Ancy Joby

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What are the advantages of optical reading theodolites over ordinary theodolites? Also, mention types of optical reading theodolite?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Theodolites with optical instruments have advantage over other layout tools. They have more precise measurements, they are unaffected by wind or other weather factors, and they can be used on both flat ground and sloped ground.

    Theodolites with optical instruments have advantage over other layout tools. They have more precise measurements, they are unaffected by wind or other weather factors, and they can be used on both flat ground and sloped ground.

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Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

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What are digital elevation models in a GIS software? Why we used it in a GIS software? Explain it benefits for the civil engieering  and how we used it for survey of sites?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    Digital elevation models are digital representations of x, y, and z locations of points on the surface area of a terrain. These locations are acquired either from a GPS receiver, survey instruments, or aerial or satellite stereo photography depending on the spatial accuracy needed. These digital filRead more

    Digital elevation models are digital representations of x, y, and z locations of points on the surface area of a terrain. These locations are acquired either from a GPS receiver, survey instruments, or aerial or satellite stereo photography depending on the spatial accuracy needed.

    These digital files of x, y, and z locations are used by the algorithms in a GIS software to transform into either three-dimensional surfaces or elevation contours. It is the GIS software that makes use of this “spatial data.” The output of these algorithms are used for further analyses and calculations.

    These could be; calculating cut and fill off of the land under study, 3D visualization of a terrain, watershed and viewshed analyses, and many other civil engineering, infrastructure, architectural and even video games, defense and intelligence-related applications and uses.

    Hope this helps.

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Ayush Mishra
Ayush Mishra

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How does the specific gravity of a material is related to the strength of that material?

  1. Kuldeep Singh

    Kuldeep Singh

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    If you mean in general, then no. The strength of any material doesn't depend on the specific gravity of that material, be it a solid or paste. Neither of the compressive, tensile or shear strength depends on density. For example, two grades of steel might have the same specific gravity but very diffRead more

    If you mean in general, then no. The strength of any material doesn’t depend on the specific gravity of that material, be it a solid or paste.

    Neither of the compressive, tensile or shear strength depends on density. For example, two grades of steel might have the same specific gravity but very different strengths. Cast iron is stronger in compression and wrought iron in tension despite the same densities. You can design two concrete mixes with the same densities and compare the strengths to check yourself!

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aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

aviratdhodare

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What is the effect of the seasoning of bricks on strength?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    nikeetasharma Guru

    The seasoning of bricks is exactly expressed as allowing the brick to absorb water. It is also known as weathering of bricks. The moisture obtained by the bricks should be able to react with the chemical in the brick. If the moisture obtained by the brick is in its limit and any swelling or deteriorRead more

    The seasoning of bricks is exactly expressed as allowing the brick to absorb water. It is also known as weathering of bricks. The moisture obtained by the bricks should be able to react with the chemical in the brick. If the moisture obtained by the brick is in its limit and any swelling or deterioration is observed to weed out this damaged brick. Then only sound bricks that are seasoned are used.

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VSR
VSR

VSR

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What are the advantages of running electrical cables through PVC conduits in the walls over running in the slab? Are there any problems which may come up in the future if we run electrical cables conduits in the slab?    

  1. Rohan Chaugule

    Rohan Chaugule

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    The main advantage, from my point of view, is that it may so happen that we may want to demolish a wall in the house for what so ever reason, but we can't dismantle or harm the slab since its a structural member. The second reason is that a slab may run continuously throughout the structure; hence wRead more

    The main advantage, from my point of view, is that it may so happen that we may want to demolish a wall in the house for what so ever reason, but we can’t dismantle or harm the slab since its a structural member.

    The second reason is that a slab may run continuously throughout the structure; hence we can lay straight cables throughout the structure and provide connection where ever required, but in case of walls, we may not find this convenient.

    Also, if the walls are periphery or exterior walls, which may be directly exposed to rains, then it may cause Earthing issues.

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fathima
fathima

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What is the Definition of Precipitation?

  1. DevilAVRT

    DevilAVRT

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    DEFINITION The prime system for moving water from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth is precipitation. At the point when the mists meet cool air above land, precipitation, like rain, sleet, or snow, is activated and water comes back to the land (or ocean). An extent of atmospheric precipitatRead more

    DEFINITION

    The prime system for moving water from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth is precipitation. At the point when the mists meet cool air above land, precipitation, like rain, sleet, or snow, is activated and water comes back to the land (or ocean). An extent of atmospheric precipitation dissipates.

    Substantial precipitation happens close to the equator and diminishes with the increase in the latitude, for example, Towards polar locations. The primary source of moisture for ppt is dissipation from the seas. In this way, ppt will, in general, be heavier close to coastlines. Since the lifting of air masses is the reason for practically all ppt, the amount and recurrence of rain is generally more prominent on the windward side of the mountain as the downslope movement of air brings about to perish in stickiness, in this way, the contrary sides of hindrances as a rule experience generally light ppt. A high measure of ppt is accounted for at higher rises.

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aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

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 how to calculate the rate of spray of prime coat in road construction. 

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    Tray Test is used to calculate the rate of spread of prime or tack coat. The test uses a 20cm X 20 cm X 3 cm tray placed on the surface to be primed at some intervals in the path of the sprayer/emulsion distributor. They are placed between the wheel's path/tracks. 5 samples are collected for a testRead more

    Tray Test is used to calculate the rate of spread of prime or tack coat. The test uses a 20cm X 20 cm X 3 cm tray placed on the surface to be primed at some intervals in the path of the sprayer/emulsion distributor. They are placed between the wheel’s path/tracks.

    5 samples are collected for a test and a minimum of 3 tests are conducted for a day of work.

    Weight of the emulsion on the tray is calculated by finding the difference in the final and the initial weight of the tray. Weight per unit sq.m or weight per 10 sq.m is obtained and checked with specified limits mentioned in MORT&H Table 500–3 (prime coat) and 500–5 (Tack coat) or other relevant IRC specifications.

    Initially before the start of the priming work, a demonstration trial is done based on the following parameters:

    1. Equipment type for spraying operation
    2. Size of nozzle
    3. Pressure at spray bar
    4. Speed of forward movement of sprayer equipment.

    Above values are ascertained and calibrated for a required rate of spray as per the specification by using tray test prior to the start of actual work.

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