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Asked: June 18, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What are the various Types of Electrical Works carried out in a High Rise Building?

Rohan Chaugule
Rohan Chaugule

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What are the various types of electrical works carried out in a high rise building?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 2, 2020 at 9:18 pm

    Dear students, Definition : High rise building is that type of building which is taller than 15m height which people can willing to walk up and it also requires mechanically operated vertical Transportation systems. No. of Floors in high rise building= greater than four (i.e. G + 3 Floors) ElectricaRead more

    Dear students,

    Definition :

    High rise building is that type of building which is taller than 15m height which people can willing to walk up and it also requires mechanically operated vertical Transportation systems.

    No. of Floors in high rise building= greater than four (i.e. G + 3 Floors)

    Electrical system :

    The electrical system provided in high rise building depends on the utility of that building.

    High Voltage wire is required for commercial building and it is considered hazardous.

    The machine has its own fuse, there will be wire ways included in the floor slab.

    Various types of electrical works carried out in high rise building:

    • Fixing a standby diesel generator
    • Each consumer has to be protected by a provision of an Earth leakage circuit breaker(ELCB)  to safeguard the persons against electrical shocks.
    • All power sockets need to be earthed through an earth conductor and finally connected to ground pits.
    • Solar power for high rise building is essential to fulfilling all requirements and reduces electricity consumption.
    • Enhances energy conservation
    • New technology:

                  integrated building                      management system(IBMS)

    1. Can monitor and control fire.
    2. It has a security module for access control
    3. Elevator control
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Asked: July 3, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What is Out-Turn Work in Quantity Surveying?

Ancy Joby
Ancy Joby

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What is out-turn work in quantity surveying?

  1. Soumyadeep Halder

    Soumyadeep Halder

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    Added an answer on July 4, 2020 at 12:06 am

    The capacity of doing work by an artisan or skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day is known as the task work or out turn of the labour. The out-turn of work per artisan varies to some extent according to the nature, size, height, situation, location, etc., In bigger cities where specRead more

    The capacity of doing work by an artisan or skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day is known as the task work or out turn of the labour.

    The out-turn of work per artisan varies to some extent according to the nature, size, height, situation, location, etc., In bigger cities where specialized and experienced labour is available the out-turn is greater than small towns and country sides.  In well organized work less labour is required.

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Asked: June 20, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What are the Causes of a Structure Collapse?

Rohan Chaugule
Rohan Chaugule

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What are the causes of a structure collapse?

  1. Atta Ur Rehman

    Atta Ur Rehman

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    Added an answer on June 22, 2020 at 4:44 pm

    Following are the five major reasons of structural collapse: 1. The foundations are too weak Adequate foundations can be costly. They can cost up to half the price of a building, observes professor of civil engineering Anthony Ede at Covenant University in Ota, Nigeria. He says two things should beRead more

    Following are the five major reasons of structural collapse:

    1. The foundations are too weak

    Adequate foundations can be costly.

    They can cost up to half the price of a building, observes professor of civil engineering Anthony Ede at Covenant University in Ota, Nigeria.

    He says two things should be considered when you are building the foundations – the solidity of the soil and the heaviness of the building and its contents.

    In the commercial capital of his country, Lagos, the swampy ground requires strong foundations. Far stronger than solid ground.

    But he says developers save money that should be spent on foundations when building on the city’s swampy ground and many buildings have collapsed in Lagos as a result.

    Even on solid ground, foundations need to be strong enough for the load.

    Inadequate foundations for a four-storey building was one of three reasons given by investigators for a building collapsing in northern Rwanda in 2013 and killing six people.

    2. The building materials aren’t strong enough

    Materials that just aren’t strong enough to withhold the load are used, says Hermogene Nsengimana from the African Organization for Standardisation, whose organisation met last month in Nairobi to discuss why so many African buildings collapse.

    He suggests there is a market for counterfeit materials – going as far as to say that sometimes scrap metal is used instead of steel.

    When a six-storey building in Uganda’s capital Kampala collapsed in April, the director of the city authority suggested it had been constructed with counterfeit materials, reports Ugo news site .

    Mr Nsengimana says there are even cases of counterfeiters faking authentification certificates.

    But he suggests contractors also knowingly use the incorrect materials to cut costs.

    So they may use concrete intended to bear the load of a one-storey building in a four-storey building.

    Mr Ede adds that this is something regulators are not policing.

    3. Workers make mistakes

    Even when workers are given the right materials to make the concrete, they mix them incorrectly, says Mr Ede.

    This results in concrete which is not of the sufficient strength to hold the load.

    He accuses developers of cutting costs by employing unskilled workers who are cheaper than trained builders.

    This is one of the reasons put forward by civil engineers Henry Mwanaki Alinaitwe and Stephen Ekolu why a building in Uganda collapsed in 2004.

    Their research shows that the workers misunderstood the mixing ratios of the concrete.

    It suggested that people used wheelbarrows instead of measuring gauges to measure cement.

    The five-storey BBJ new hotel collapsed in construction and 11 people died.

    “You find bricklayers and even technicians calling themselves engineers,” cautions the president of the Nigerian Institution of Structural Engineers Oreoluwa Fadayomi in Nigeria’s The Punch news site.

    To those who want to save money on professionals, he advises: “One should not be penny wise and pound foolish”.

    4. The load is heavier than expected

    Mr Ede says a building collapses when the load is beyond the strength of the building.

    He gives the example of asking a baby to carry a heavy box: “The baby will not be able to withhold the strain.”

    Even if the foundations and the materials are strong enough for what they were originally built for, that purpose may change.

    So, Mr Ede says, if a building was designed to be a home and is then turned into a library where boxes and boxes of books are piled up, the building may strain under the weight.

    He says another reason why the load is often heavier than the original design is because extra storeys are added.

    In March an upmarket apartment block which had more storeys than planned collapsed in Lagos, killing 34 people the Guardian reported.

    This came two years after a church accommodation for the famous preacher TB Joshua collapsed, also, authorities said, because it had more floors than it could hold . In that case more than 100 people lost their lives.

    5. The strength isn’t tested

    At all points of construction the strength of the building should be tested, says Mr Ede.

    “You have to be strict,” he says, about policing building.

    “The law says you must test. It’s the enforcement of the law which is the problem,” he says.

    That’s a big problem, he says, when at every stage of construction there is someone with a strong motivation to save money or take money.

    There are many physical reasons a building can collapse but only one driving motivation for that to happen, says Mr Ede. That’s money.

    And for him this is the real reason buildings collapse – corruption.

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Asked: October 26, 2017In: Miscellaneous

I need general method statement for building works G+2

Gopal Mishra
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Please send me general method statement with complete documents like risk assessments

  1. Omprakash Dhawale

    Omprakash Dhawale

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    Omprakash Dhawale Beginner
    Added an answer on October 3, 2020 at 12:03 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Sir, The construction workers can build, repair, maintain, renovate, modify and demolish houses, offices, temples, hospitals,bridges, tunnels, stadiums and airports. The International Labour Organization(ILO) classifies the construction industry as government and private sector.   Following are consRead more

    Sir, The construction workers can build, repair, maintain, renovate, modify and demolish houses, offices, temples, hospitals,bridges, tunnels, stadiums and airports. The International Labour Organization(ILO) classifies the construction industry as government and private sector.  

    Following are construction occupants1:

    • Boilermakers
    • Bricklayers
    • Concrete finishers
    • Masons

     

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Asked: July 10, 2020In: Miscellaneous

How to make a home plan, step by step?

RaghavArora
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How to make a home plan, step by step?

  1. Suyogmuralkar

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    Added an answer on August 21, 2020 at 1:30 pm

    Hi Raghav,For making any structure there is need to understand the need of the user. All things are planned accordingly to the need of user. There are various things which are taken into consideration before planning any structures are listed below as follows: Selection of suitable land for construcRead more

    Hi Raghav,For making any structure there is need to understand the need of the user.

    All things are planned accordingly to the need of user. There are various things which are taken into consideration before planning any structures are listed below as follows:

    1. Selection of suitable land for construction.
    2. Understanding the plot area and budget which owner can afford to make his home
    3. Understanding demands of owner may include his preferences, choices and his vision for his dream home. Then it is advised to visited a certified architect
    4. Then after making suitable plan from architect it’s advised to visit a structural engineer for execution of plan.
    5. A final submission plan form architect needs to be approved by the local authority like municipal corporations and municipal councils.
    6. It’s time to get an experienced contractor for ground level construction.
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Asked: September 22, 2020In: Miscellaneous

Tell me various architectural theme for interior designing?

Komal Bhandakkar
Komal Bhandakkar

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Tell me various architectural theme for interior designing?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

    AdityaBhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 5, 2020 at 4:29 pm
    This answer was edited.
    Tell me various architectural theme for interior designing?

    Hi,  Following are the best architectural designing themes for interior Classical reflection theme Industrial age theme Hollywood glamour theme Mid century modern theme Scandinavian Traditional themes Transitional themes

    Hi,  Following are the best architectural designing themes for interior

    1. Classical reflection theme
    2. Industrial age theme
    3. Hollywood glamour theme
    4. Mid century modern theme
    5. Scandinavian
    6. Traditional themes
    7. Transitional themes
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Asked: June 20, 2020In: Miscellaneous

Is Theopectic, Bingham plastic, and Thixotropic should be categorized into the fluid?

Iqbal Sheikh
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As we know from the definition of fluid, it continues to deform under shear stress, but some fluids such as rheopectic, Bingham plastic, and thixotropic do not deform initially under the action of shear stress as in case of solids. Should ...

  1. Vishwajeet Kumar

    Vishwajeet Kumar

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    Added an answer on July 6, 2020 at 11:11 am

    As correctly stated that Fluid is defined as a substance which continuously deforms under applied shear force. Even though only after exceeding a certain shear stress value rheopectic, thixotropic, and Bingham plastic start undergoing shear deformation, it is to note that after that stress value, thRead more

    As correctly stated that Fluid is defined as a substance which continuously deforms under applied shear force. Even though only after exceeding a certain shear stress value rheopectic, thixotropic, and Bingham plastic start undergoing shear deformation, it is to note that after that stress value, these substances also deform continuously until the external shear force is removed. Hence, they can be categorized as fluids.

    However, in case of solids under any amount of shear force, they undergo a fixed deformation and do not undergo continuous deformation.

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Asked: July 6, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What are the design features for ‘Furrow Irrigation’?

Ancy Joby
Ancy Joby

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What are the design features for ‘Furrow Irrigation’?

  1. DevilAVRT

    DevilAVRT

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    Added an answer on July 24, 2020 at 5:47 pm

    In this, water is applied through series of long, narrow, field channels called Furrows. Small furrows called corrugations. Water flowing through furrows infiltrates into the land/soil and spreads laterally to roots of plants. Crops are grown on ridges, levees. Evaporation losses reduces up to someRead more

    • In this, water is applied through series of long, narrow, field channels called Furrows.
    • Small furrows called corrugations.
    • Water flowing through furrows infiltrates into the land/soil and spreads laterally to roots of plants.
    • Crops are grown on ridges, levees.
    • Evaporation losses reduces up to some extent.
    • Suitable for row crops such as maize. Longitudinal slope of furrow – 0.6 – 0.8%
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