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Ancy Joby
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What are the functions of Eidograph in surveying?

  1. Kuldeep Singh

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    Eidograph has the simple function of copying maps and plots to a different scale. It works on the same principles as a pantograph with the only difference of mechanism. The pantograph uses linkages arranged in a parallelogram while the eidograph might have either a string and pulley system or parallRead more

    Eidograph has the simple function of copying maps and plots to a different scale. It works on the same principles as a pantograph with the only difference of mechanism. The pantograph uses linkages arranged in a parallelogram while the eidograph might have either a string and pulley system or parallelogram linkages.

    There are two pens attached. If you move the primary pin on the map, after setting a desired scale, the secondary pen draws the same map scaled to the scale you set.

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Shivan
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Difference between geodetic surveying and plane surveying?

  1. Ancy Joby

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    As we all know, Geodetic surveying and Plane surveying comes under the primary classification of surveying. Geodetic surveying In geodetic surveying, the curvature of the earth is taken into account while taking surveying. In this surveying conducted a larger area. Geodetic surveying is mainly conduRead more

    As we all know, Geodetic surveying and Plane surveying comes under the primary classification of surveying.

    Geodetic surveying

    In geodetic surveying, the curvature of the earth is taken into account while taking surveying. In this surveying conducted a larger area. Geodetic surveying is mainly conducted to determine the precise positions on the earth surface. It is also called as Trigonometrical surveying.

    Plane Surveying

    In-plane surveying, the curvature of the earth is ignored because surveying is conducted in small areas. The degree of accuracy is low as compared to Geodetic surveying.

     

     

     

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Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

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How to find the area of a location using GIS software?

  1. Rohan Chaugule

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    If you are using QGIS software then go to the measure command in the toolbar present and click on measure area and draw the border using the cursor along the periphery of the boundary line precisely & click measure. Also, don't forget to choose the desired units i.e. m2 or ft2.

    If you are using QGIS software then go to the measure command in the toolbar present and click on measure area and draw the border using the cursor along the periphery of the boundary line precisely & click measure. Also, don’t forget to choose the desired units i.e. m2 or ft2.

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Ancy Joby
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What are the methods used to calculate quantities for earthwork in hill roads?

  1. [Deleted User]
    This answer was edited.

    Generally hill profiles are irregular. So, the most efficient method for hill road is the prismoidal method (Simpson method). It based on the assumption that profile is parabolic between two sections. For use of this method, it is necessary that profile should be divided into odd number of section.Read more

    Generally hill profiles are irregular. So, the most efficient method for hill road is the prismoidal method (Simpson method). It based on the assumption that profile is parabolic between two sections.

    For use of this method, it is necessary that profile should be divided into odd number of section. If the profile is divided in even number of section than apply prismoidal method till the second last section and apply the trapezoidal method in last section.

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Shivan
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What are the main principles of surveying ?

  1. Ancy Joby

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    There are two main principle for surveying Work from whole to part - This principle is adopted in surveying to avoid accumulation of errors . Two fix the position of new station at least two independent processes    

    There are two main principle for surveying

    1. Work from whole to part – This principle is adopted in surveying to avoid accumulation of errors .
    2. Two fix the position of new station at least two independent processes

     

     

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aviratdhodare
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What is 30 mins time in case of a septic tank even though it took a detention period of 12-36 hours?          

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    Hi, Let me correct your concept, in septic tank detention period off 24 hours is considered. In this case, the rate of flow of influent= rate of flow of effluent. Septic tank is to be designed in such a way that see wait is retained in the tank for 24 hours and all the biological decomposition in thRead more

    Hi,

    Let me correct your concept, in septic tank detention period off 24 hours is considered. In this case,

    the rate of flow of influent= rate of flow of effluent.

    Septic tank is to be designed in such a way that see wait is retained in the tank for 24 hours and all the biological decomposition in the absence of air that is an aerobic bacteria takes place and breaks the soil which living a very small quantity of soil which is commonly called as sludge which settles at the bottom. And the clearwater which out from the tank is known as effluent.

    As you asked in question the 30 minutes is regarding the washing time of the tank.

    Hope you get clarity.

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Rohan Chaugule
Rohan Chaugule

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What is the role of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in the field of civil engineering construction equipment and construction machinery? What is the scope of artificial intelligence and the growth of artificial intelligence in civil engineering?

  1. Soumyadeep Halder

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    that is  a  great question. well in a very shot manner you can use that AI in lean construction.as well as you can implement it in BIM world, Some time you can use this AI tools in Management level in construction field for visualization problem. For using robot in construction or civil engineeringRead more

    that is  a  great question.

    well in a very shot manner you can use that AI in lean construction.as well as you can implement it in BIM world, Some time you can use this AI tools in Management level in construction field for visualization problem.

    For using robot in construction or civil engineering field AI can control that robot.

    AI also helps in development of robots and automated systems. role of artificial intelligence is
    reported in the case of smart materials. The smart system refers to a device which can sense changes in its
    environment and can make an optimal response by changing its material properties, geometry. Both the sensor and the actuator functions with their appropriate feedback must be properly integrated

    Structural Engineering – In the field of structural engineering, they are used to evaluate durability. Not only
    the smart materials or structures are restricted to sensing but also they adapt to their surrounding environment
    such as the ability to move, vibrate and demonstrate various other responses as well as for monitoring the
    integrity of bridges, dams, offshore oil-drilling towers where fiber-optic sensors embedded in the structures are
    utilized to identify the trouble areas.
    Waste management – Manual disassembly of the waste is a challenging, expensive and time consuming task
    but the use of smart materials could help to automate the process. Even it shows a role in food waste
    management.
    Concrete mix design – Concrete mix design is difficult and sensitive. The concrete mix design is based on the
    principles of workability of fresh concrete, desired strength and durability of hardened concrete which in turn is
    governed by water-cement ratio law. The strength of the concrete is determined by the characteristics of the
    mortar, coarse aggregate, and the interface. For the same quality mortar, different types of coarse aggregate with
    different shape, texture, mineralogy, and strength may result in different concrete strengths.
    Estimation: artificial neural networks (ANNs) are most suited for developing decision aids with analogy-based
    problem-solving capabilities in the estimation.

    As well as you can use AI in your network system that can be

    Planning of Construction Projects

    Construction Robot Fleet Management System Prototype:
    Bridge Planning Using GIS and Expert System Approach:
    Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction

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Ancy Joby
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What is the criteria for choosing type of estimate in any building construction?

  1. Soumyadeep Halder

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    the criteria for choosing type of estimate in any building construction are given below. 1.What phase is the project in? Perhaps the most important, or at least first, determining factor for selecting the estimating method, or approach, is the project phase. Where is the project in it’s life-cycle?Read more

    the criteria for choosing type of estimate in any building construction are given below.

    1.What phase is the project in?
    Perhaps the most important, or at least first, determining factor for selecting the estimating method, or approach, is the project phase. Where is the project in it’s life-cycle? If it is in the conceptual design phase you might consider using the Universal Factors method. This method, in it’s simplest form, works as a type of “analogy” estimating approach. If you have similar past projects in your “bottom right-hand drawer” then you may be set. Otherwise, you may need to use a Universal Factors model.

    2.What project data is available?
    As they say “data is king”. That statement certainly holds true for estimating. Not only the volume, but the type of data available to you, can make all the difference in the method and accuracy of your estimate. Review the data available to you (technical or unit cost). The amount of data on hand can help you decide which method you will use, the cost drivers, and many more aspects of your estimate.

    3.What is the purpose of the estimate?
    You should always keep in mind the purpose of the estimate you are developing. Is your estimate attached to a detailed bid or proposal for a potential client or is it going to be used to “cost out” one of multiple approaches to a solution for management review? If the latter, perhaps all you need is a Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) estimate? The estimates purpose (read: audience) determines the approach you take and what attributes of your estimate you include or highlight.

    4.What is your time-frame?
    When you have the time (and data points), it is often best practice to develop as detailed an estimate as possible. This is especially true when estimating construction or preparing a T&M bid or proposal.

    5.What estimating tools are available?
    After all is said and done, it may come down to the tools you have in your toolbox. Most estimators, and I know I am in this category, are Excel aficionados. You can often find me buried in a spreadsheet somewhere. If I am pulling together a “back-of-the-envelope” estimate I will often use Excel. However, Excel has it’s limits. There are multiple tools on the market for QTO estimating that provide management capabilities over and above what Excel can offer.

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