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What are Bearing Capacity Values of Different Types of Soil?

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Asked: November 18, 20172017-11-18T13:27:34+05:30 2017-11-18T13:27:34+05:30In: Foundation
Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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Gopal Mishra

What are the bearing capacity values of different types of soils such as clay, sand, gravel, rocks etc.?

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  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    AdityaBhandakkar User
    2020-08-12T23:31:22+05:30Added an answer on August 12, 2020 at 11:31 pm
    What are Bearing Capacity Values of Different Types of Soil?

    For the different values of bearing capacity factor under the application of general shear failure, values are shown in the above table.

    Where Nc, Nq and Ny are the factors of Terzaghi’s bearing capacity.

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  2. aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare
    2020-08-12T23:32:44+05:30Added an answer on August 12, 2020 at 11:32 pm

    Follwoing are the values of safe bearing capacity as per IS:1904–1978 –

    Rocks –

    a) hard sound rock – 330 t/m2 or 3240 KN/m2

    b) leminated rock – 165 t/m2 or 1620 KN/m2

    c) residual deposit of shattered and broken rocks- 90 t/m2 or 880 KN/m2

    d) soft rock – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    Non Cohesive Soil (sand & gravel ) –

    a) compact gravel, sand and gravel – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    b) compact and dry coarse sand – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    c) compact and dry medium sand – 25 t/m2 or 245 KN/m2

    d) find sand – 15 t/m2 or 150 KN/m2

    e) loose gavel or sand – 25 t/m2 or 245 KN/m2

    f) loose and dry fine sand – 10 t/m2 or 100 KN/m2

    Cohesive soil –

    a) hard or stiff clay, soft shale – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    b) medium clay – 25 t/m2 or 245 KN/m2

    c) moist clay and sand clay mixture – 15 t/m2 or 150 KN/m2

    d) soft clay – 10 t/m2 or 100 KN/m2

    e) very soft clay – 5 t/m2 or 50 KN/m2

    f) black cotton soil , peat – by soil investigation

    This is bit difficult to state like this. Generally, in fields, we deal with layered soil systems where in you need to work out settlement of each layer and then compare the same to allowable settlement of the subject structure. The allowable settlement for each structure in different and hence the criterion changes all the time.

    More than shear criteria, the settlement criteria generally governs the safe bearing capacity of a soil. So, it is difficult to standardize the bearing capacity values in case of soils. May be, in the case of rock, you can standardize the values as the rock does not settle more than 3–4 mm.

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  3. Gopal Mishra

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    Gopal Mishra
    2017-11-18T13:39:06+05:30Added an answer on November 18, 2017 at 1:39 pm

    Following table shows maximum bearing capacity values of different types of soils:

    Types of Soil Bearing Capacity (Kg/m2) Bearing Capacity (kN/m2)
    Soft, wet clay or muddy clay 5000 50
    Soft clay 10000 100
    Fine, loose and dry sand 10000 100
    Black cotton soil 15000 150
    Moist clay and sand clay Mixture 15000 150
    Loose gravel 25000 250
    Medium clay 25000 250
    Medium, compact and dry sand 25000 250
    Compact clay 45000 450
    Compact sand 45000 450
    Compact gravel 45000 450
    Soft rocks 45000 450
    Laminated rock such as sand stone & Lime stone 165000 1650
    Hard rocks such as granite, diorite, trap 330000 3300

    Bearing capacity of soil is the maximum load per unit area. This is the ultimate bearing capacity of soil shown in table. Dividing the ultimate soil bearing capacity by a safety factor we get the maximum safe bearing capacity of soil for design of foundations.

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    • NeerajKhatri

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      NeerajKhatri User
      2018-12-25T00:54:23+05:30Replied to answer on December 25, 2018 at 12:54 am

      Dear Gopal, thankyou for this informative. I have an additional query. How does one deduce the soil type (among the above mentioned types) by visual inspection or simple field tests ?

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  4. Abhishek Kirave

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    Abhishek Kirave User
    2020-05-20T05:22:21+05:30Added an answer on May 20, 2020 at 5:22 am

    The bearing capacity values for different types of soil are-

    • Clay    : 100 KN/sq.m
    • sand    : 400 KN/sq.m
    • Gravel : 300 KN/sq.m
    • Rocks   : 3240 KN/sq.m
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  5. Gopal Mishra

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    Gopal Mishra
    2017-11-28T20:36:12+05:30Added an answer on November 28, 2017 at 8:36 pm

    @Giuseppe Pace

    1 kg = 10 N, so, 1000 N = 100 kg = 1 kN. So, value of column 2 is divided by 100 to obtain value in kN/m2.

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  6. Vivek Patel

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    2020-07-19T12:46:37+05:30Added an answer on July 19, 2020 at 12:46 pm

    Different soil SBC are as follow

    • Bedrock is 574kpa
    • Gravel is 250kpa
    • Sedimentry Rock is 190kpa
    • Sand gravel is 140kpa
    • Sand,silt sand, clayey sand is 95kpa
    • Clay, sandy clay, silty clay is 70kpa

    In actual site, we conduct several test to find out SBC.

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  7. andanr123

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    2019-02-07T10:34:31+05:30Added an answer on February 7, 2019 at 10:34 am

    Can I get step by step on how to find out SBC if cohesion=0.36 kg/cm²,angle of internal friction=13,Field dry density=1.603,fmc=12%.

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  8. Handasa

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    2020-04-27T04:30:27+05:30Added an answer on April 27, 2020 at 4:30 am

    Of course these are indicative values ​​and do not substitute for soil testing by a specialized laboratory.

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  9. Julieta Magtalas

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    Julieta Magtalas User
    2020-06-28T22:30:32+05:30Added an answer on June 28, 2020 at 10:30 pm

    Is it always correct to utilize smaller value of SBC even though the kind of material is loose of soft clay and yet within this value the structure is still safe and sound.

    Regards and thanks.

    Juliet magtalas

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  10. DevilAVRT

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    DevilAVRT Beginner
    2020-07-25T19:55:29+05:30Added an answer on July 25, 2020 at 7:55 pm
    RECOMMENDED VALUES OF SAFE BEARING CAPACITY FOR PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
    Sl. No TYPE OF ROCK OR SOIL SAFE BEARING CAPACITY
    (kN/m2) (kg/cm2)
    ROCKS
    1 Rocks (hard) without lamination and defects, for example granite, trap and diorite 3300 33
    2 Laminated rocks, for example sand stone and lime stone in sound condition 1650 16.5
    3 Residual deposits of shattered and broken bed rock and hard shale, cemented material 900 9
    4 Soft rock 450 4.5
    NON-COHESIVE SOILS
    5 Gravel, sand and gravel mixture, compact and offering high resistance to penetration when excavated by tools. (Refer Note 5) 450 4.5
    6 Coarse sand, compact and dry (with ground water level at a depth greater than width of foundation below the base of footing) 450 4.5
    7 Medium sand, compact and dry 250 2.5
    8 Fine sand, silt (dry lumps easily pulverized by fingers) 150 1.5
    9 Loose gravel or sand gravel mixture; loose coarse to medium sand, dry (Refer Note 5) 250 2.5
    10 Fine sand, loose and dry 100 1
    COHESIVE SOILS
    11 Soft shale, hard or stiff clay in deep bed, dry 450 4.5
    12 Medium clay, readily indented with thumb nail 250 2.5
    13 Moist clay and sand clay mixture which can be indented with strong thumb pressure 150 1.5
    14 Soft clay indented with moderate thumb pressure 100 1.0
    15 Very soft clay which can be penetrated several centimeters with the thumb 50 0.5
    16 Black cotton soil or other shrinkable or expansive clay in dry condition (50 percent saturation) (Refer Note 2) To be determined after site investigation
    17 Peat (Refer Note 2 & 3)
    18 Fills or made up ground (Refer Note 4 & 5)

     

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  11. Giuseppe Pace
    2017-11-20T15:41:29+05:30Added an answer on November 20, 2017 at 3:41 pm

    Review the Gopal first column, it’s wrong, the correct value must be: the tabla value divided by 10000

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    • shuvam dey

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      2019-02-23T00:02:09+05:30Replied to answer on February 23, 2019 at 12:02 am

      correct

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