Designers should consider possible congestions in reinforced concrete members while designing concrete structures. They should follow specifications of applicable codes to prevent congestions. Sometimes, one of the options to avoid congestion is by increasing the width of the concrete members ...
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Thumb Rules and Specifications for Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam
The design of a reinforced concrete beam is achieved through a trial and error method. However, design codes, certain thumb rules, and past experiences can significantly reduce the lengthy design process. Initially, certain aspects of design, like geometry and self-weight, ...
Top 6 Energy-Efficient High-Rise Buildings in the World
Due to a growing population and industrialization, migration from rural areas to urban areas has increased drastically. This has resulted in rapid urbanization, deteriorating environmental conditions, and housing problems, ultimately leading to unhealthy and irregular building practices and increased energy ...
World Trade Center: Reasons Behind the Failure of Building After 9/11 Attack
The World Trade Center (WTC) complex was composed of seven buildings (WTC-1 to WTC-7) on a site toward the southwest tip of Manhattan Island. The two buildings, WTC-1 and WTC-2 built in the early 1970s, were 110 stories high, dwarfing ...
Voided Concrete Slab System: Its Working, Properties, and Advantages
A voided concrete slab is a system that removes the non-working or excess concrete from the structural slab and replaces it with void formers. The voided slab system was invented by Jorgan Breuning of Denmark about 20 years ago. One ...
Louvre Pyramid: The Gigantic Glass Structure in France
The Louvre glass pyramid in Paris is an intricate fusion of traditional and modern architecture. It stands at the core of the Cour Napoleon courtyard of the Louvre Museum. Just beneath the pyramid is the lobby that connects the museum’s ...
Bandra-Worli Bridge: India’s Longest Cable-Stayed Bridge in the Open Sea
The Bandra-Worli Bridge, now known as the Rajiv Gandhi sea link, is a civil engineering marvel traversing an arc along the coastline of the city of Mumbai. The towers of the cable-stayed bridge rise gracefully towards the sky, manifesting the ...
Design of Doubly Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Beams with Example
The doubly reinforced concrete beam design may be required when a beam’s cross-section is limited because of architectural or other considerations. As a result, the concrete cannot develop the compression force required to resist the given bending moment. In that ...