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Asked: In:
Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

Gopal Mishra

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Which softwares can be used for estimation of construction project time and quantity?

  1. ARSHI

    ARSHI

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    PrimaveraP6

    PrimaveraP6

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Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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How to calculate the quantity of water for a given mix concrete. As it would be required to calculate for mix 1:2:4.

  1. Preet Chovatiya

    Preet Chovatiya

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    Preet Chovatiya Learner

    As we know 1:2:4 ratio is for M15 concrete. Generally Water quantity is calculated as per below formula: Water Quantity=W/C ratio*Cement Quantity Generally W/C ratio is lays between 0.4 to 0.6 as per IS 10262(2009). Now first we have to assume cement quantity, so let's assume cement quantity=50 KG aRead more

    As we know 1:2:4 ratio is for M15 concrete. Generally Water quantity is calculated as per below formula:

    Water Quantity=W/C ratio*Cement Quantity

    Generally W/C ratio is lays between 0.4 to 0.6 as per IS 10262(2009).

    Now first we have to assume cement quantity, so let’s assume cement quantity=50 KG and W/C ratio=0.5

    Now let’s calculate water quantity for 50 KG cement.

    Water Quantity=0.5*50=25 liter.

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Shivan
Shivan

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What are the properties of good building stones?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare
    This answer was edited.

    APPEARANCE The stone to be used for facework must have uniform and pleasing color. It must be free from cavities, crack, flaws and patches of loose and soft materials. STRENGTH A good bldg stone should have sufficient crushing strength to withstand the load of superstructure. It should ≮ 1000 kg/cm²Read more

    APPEARANCE

    • The stone to be used for facework must have uniform and pleasing color.
    • It must be free from cavities, crack, flaws and patches of loose and soft materials.

    STRENGTH

    • A good bldg stone should have sufficient crushing strength to withstand the load of superstructure.
    • It should ≮ 1000 kg/cm².

    HARDNESS, TOUGHNESS AND RESISTANCE TO ABRASION

    • The stone to be used in stone pavements, as railway ballast or road metal must be sufficiently hard, tough, resistance to abrasion.
    • It must be able to resist wear and tear.

    DURABILITY

    • A good bldg stone must be durable enough to resist the effect of weathering against eg., rain, wing, temp, etc.
    • It should have fine grained, compact, and crystalline structure.

    TEXTURE

    A good bldg stone should have a closed grained and compact texture.

    WORKABILITY

    The stone to be used for ornamental craving and architectural appearance should be easily and economically dressed.

    SEASONING

    The stone to be used for an imp interior work should be well seasoned. Presence of moisture makes the stone soft and it is liable to an early decay when used in structural work.

    POROSITY

    • A good bldg stone should be less porous.
    • It should not absorb more than 5% of water.
    • Any stone absorbing 10% of water should be rejected.

    RESISTANCE TO FIRE

    • A good bldg stone should be able to resist high temp.
    • Its minerals constitutes should have equal coeff for expansion.

    SPECIFIC GRAVITY

    • The stone to be used on heavy engg works, docks, harbours, gravity dams, etc must have high specific gravity.
    • Its varies from 2.4 – 2.8.

    RESISTANCE TO ELECTRICITY

    • A good bldg stone should be non-absorbent like marble and slate etc.
    • It can offer good resistance to electricity.
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deayan
deayan

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Different Cement companies have maintain different % of Flyash in cement. what are the advantage and disadvantage of Higher / Lower % of flyash in cement.

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.

    PPC: Approximately 15 to 30% of ordinary Portland cement is replaced with fly ash in Portland pozzolana cement. The compressive strength of Portland pozzolana cement is more for long term use compared to ordinary Portland cement. Ordinary Portland cement is one of the widely used cement. For residenRead more

    PPC:

    Approximately 15 to 30% of ordinary Portland cement is replaced with fly ash in Portland pozzolana cement.

    The compressive strength of Portland pozzolana cement is more for long term use compared to ordinary Portland cement.

    Ordinary Portland cement is one of the widely used cement.

    For residential construction, we prefer Portland pozzolana cement as compared to ordinary Portland cement. We use ordinary Portland cement only for commercial purposes.

    Three grades of cement are available 33, 43, and 53.

    33 grade of cement means the compressive strength of cement after 28 days of curing should be at least 33 mega Pascal not more than that value.

    43 grade of cement was the compressive strength of cement after 28 days of curing should be at least 43 Newton per mm square or more than that.

    Similarly, 53 Grade of cement means compressive strength of cement after 28 days of curing should be at least 53 Newton per mm square or more than that value.

    Thank you.

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Asked: In:
Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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What are the difference between Tender and Contract Documents? Can we mention tender documents as contract document while issuing LOA to  the Contractor. if no then what is the difference?

  1. Gopal Mishra

    Gopal Mishra

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    Gopal Mishra

    To understand the difference between tender documents and contract documents, first we have to understand what these documents contain. Tender Documents: A tender is an offer in writing to contractors to execute the some specified works or to supply specified materials within a fixed time frame andRead more

    To understand the difference between tender documents and contract documents, first we have to understand what these documents contain.

    Tender Documents:

    A tender is an offer in writing to contractors to execute the some specified works or to supply specified materials within a fixed time frame and as per conditions of contract and agreement between the contractor and the owner or the department or the party.

    The tender documents contains the bill of quantities (BOQ), specifications of the works to be carried out, time frame for the completion of the work, conditions of the contract and plans and drawings. These documents are provided to the contractor on the payment of certain fees. The contractor who quotes the lowest rates for the overall works are offer the contract to execute the work.

    Contract Documents:

    Contract documents are the agreement between the owner or the party or the department and the contractor to execute the works as specified in the tender documents as per conditions of contract on the rates quoted by the contractor.

    The difference between Tender and Contract Documents:

    The difference here to be noted is that tender documents are offered to as many contractors as possible to get the lowest quotes for the work specified, while the contract documents are signed only with the contractor with lowest tender or rates.

    While the tender documents contains the conditions of contract and all the details for the specified work, there is not much difference between the two in terms of contents. But tender documents can not be submitted as Letter of Acceptance (LOA) as these are two different types of documents. While a tender document can not bind the contractor to do the work, a contract document binds the contractor to complete the work as per the agreement.

    Simple Example to understand the difference between tender and contract documents:

    When you are selected for a job in a company you are offered offer letter to join the company. But getting selected in a company does not mean that you join the same company, you may have other offer letters as well. But when you sign the letter of acceptance (LOA) for the job, you are bound to join the company. So, here offer letter from the company is a tender document and LOA is the contract document.

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Asked: In:
Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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What are the bearing capacity values of different types of soils such as clay, sand, gravel, rocks etc.?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    Follwoing are the values of safe bearing capacity as per IS:1904–1978 - Rocks - a) hard sound rock - 330 t/m2 or 3240 KN/m2 b) leminated rock - 165 t/m2 or 1620 KN/m2 c) residual deposit of shattered and broken rocks- 90 t/m2 or 880 KN/m2 d) soft rock - 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2 Non Cohesive Soil (sandRead more

    Follwoing are the values of safe bearing capacity as per IS:1904–1978 –

    Rocks –

    a) hard sound rock – 330 t/m2 or 3240 KN/m2

    b) leminated rock – 165 t/m2 or 1620 KN/m2

    c) residual deposit of shattered and broken rocks- 90 t/m2 or 880 KN/m2

    d) soft rock – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    Non Cohesive Soil (sand & gravel ) –

    a) compact gravel, sand and gravel – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    b) compact and dry coarse sand – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    c) compact and dry medium sand – 25 t/m2 or 245 KN/m2

    d) find sand – 15 t/m2 or 150 KN/m2

    e) loose gavel or sand – 25 t/m2 or 245 KN/m2

    f) loose and dry fine sand – 10 t/m2 or 100 KN/m2

    Cohesive soil –

    a) hard or stiff clay, soft shale – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    b) medium clay – 25 t/m2 or 245 KN/m2

    c) moist clay and sand clay mixture – 15 t/m2 or 150 KN/m2

    d) soft clay – 10 t/m2 or 100 KN/m2

    e) very soft clay – 5 t/m2 or 50 KN/m2

    f) black cotton soil , peat – by soil investigation

    This is bit difficult to state like this. Generally, in fields, we deal with layered soil systems where in you need to work out settlement of each layer and then compare the same to allowable settlement of the subject structure. The allowable settlement for each structure in different and hence the criterion changes all the time.

    More than shear criteria, the settlement criteria generally governs the safe bearing capacity of a soil. So, it is difficult to standardize the bearing capacity values in case of soils. May be, in the case of rock, you can standardize the values as the rock does not settle more than 3–4 mm.

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Poll
Asked: In:
Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

Gopal Mishra

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What is your current work status?

  1. [Deleted User]

    Hi,sir. I am a civil engineering student from Maharashtra . I done many online course from iit through NPTEL . I also done AutoCAD ,staad.pro,blender. I got idea of this website from my IIT lecturer.

    Hi,sir.

    I am a civil engineering student from Maharashtra . I done many online course from iit through NPTEL .

    I also done AutoCAD ,staad.pro,blender.

    I got idea of this website from my IIT lecturer.

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Asked: In:
vivek gami
vivek gami

vivek gami

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What is spirit leveling in survey work?

  1. Anant Sojitra

    Anant Sojitra

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    Best Answer
    Anant Sojitra Beginner

    Spirit leveling is literally the act of using a level of the spirit to evaluate a horizontal plane to calculate variations in height above or below that plane. ... The leveling is achieved by calculating the differences in height between different terrain locations with respect to the horizontal plaRead more

    Spirit leveling is literally the act of using a level of the spirit to evaluate a horizontal plane to calculate variations in height above or below that plane. … The leveling is achieved by calculating the differences in height between different terrain locations with respect to the horizontal plane specified by the spirit level.

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