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Why Earth pressure at rest is used for basement slab wall, bridge abutment?
What is the required number of bars and it’s diameter in column for 5 storey building.
First of all you have to design that story building to provide reinforcement for all members such as slab ,beam,etc. by using different code such as IS etc.
First of all you have to design that story building to provide reinforcement for all members such as slab ,beam,etc. by using different code such as IS etc.
See lessHi. I am an architect and I’d like to hear your advise. Can this type of brick bond be used for a load bearing wall? I think that this zigzag form makes the wall stronger, but will it be enough? I ...
In masonary work, we used usually 1:4 cement-sand mortar of compressive strength 3.8N/mm2. The compressive strength of one brick of standard size is 11.12N/mm2. The compressive strength of brick masonry is 2.5 N/mm2. Thanks.
In masonary work, we used usually 1:4 cement-sand mortar of compressive strength 3.8N/mm2.
The compressive strength of one brick of standard size is 11.12N/mm2.
The compressive strength of brick masonry is 2.5 N/mm2.
Thanks.
See lessWhat is the minimum grade of concrete to be used for any precast element? Are there any standards for the same?
It depends on the structural member. For example, The American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-19) specifies minimum concrete strength for precast pile as 28MPa. The code also provides minimum strength for other structural members. You can also visit: https://test.theconstructor.org/concrete/design-requRead more
It depends on the structural member. For example, The American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-19) specifies minimum concrete strength for precast pile as 28MPa. The code also provides minimum strength for other structural members. You can also visit:
https://test.theconstructor.org/concrete/design-requirements-concrete/39004/
See lessWhat is the procedure of designing the formwork?
Formwork is the term used for the process of creating a temporary mould into which concrete is poured and formed. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and other materials. There are three types of formwork :- -BeaRead more
Formwork is the term used for the process of creating a temporary mould into which concrete is poured and formed. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and other materials.
There are three types of formwork :-
-Beam formwork :-
Formwork for beams takes the form of a three-sided box which is supported and propped in the correct position and to the desired level. The removal time for the formwork will vary with air temperature, humidity and consequent curing rate. Typical striking times are as follows (using air temperature of 7-16 ºC):
i) Beam sides: 9-12 hours.
ii) Beam soffits: 8-14 days.
iii) Beam props: 15-21 days.
-Column formwork :-
This consists of a vertical mould of the desired shape and size of the column to be poured. As a means of keeping the formwork material thickness to a minimum, horizontal steel or timber clamps (or yokes) are used at equal centres for batch filling and at varying centres for filling that is completed in one pour.
The head of the column formwork can be used to provide support for the beam formwork, but while this gives good top lateral restraint it can make the formwork complex. Alternatively, the column can be cast to the underside of the beams. Later on, a collar of formwork can be clamped around the cast column to complete the casting and support the incoming beam formwork.
-Plastic formwork :-
Re-usable plastic formwork is generally used for quick pours of concrete. The formwork is assembled either from interlocking panels or from a modular system and is used for relatively simple concrete structures. It is not as versatile as timber formwork due to the prefabrication requirements and is best suited for lost-cost, repetitive structures such as mass housing schemes.
Stay-in-place structural formwork is generally assembled on site using prefabricated fibre-reinforced plastic. It is used for concrete columns and piers and stays in place, acting as permanent axial and shear reinforcement for the structural member. It also provides resistance to environmental damage for both the concrete and reinforcing bars.
Proprietary systems are used to support vertical formwork while concrete cures, consisting of a series of tubes and ties.
See lessWhat is the substitute frame method in structural design?
Hi, Substitute frame method is used for the analysis of complex structure I.e multi-storeyed building because analysis of multi-story building is very complicated and long calculations needed. Substitute frame method used for sudden analysis and gives approximate values. The moment distribution methRead more
Hi,
Substitute frame method is used for the analysis of complex structure I.e multi-storeyed building because analysis of multi-story building is very complicated and long calculations needed. Substitute frame method used for sudden analysis and gives approximate values.
The moment distribution method is used for the analysis of applied loads on the structure in the substitute frame method. This method is generally used to determine the vertical loads and horizontal loads. Vertical load is a combination of live load and dead loads
This method is applied only or vertical loads.
Dead loads include self-weight of slab column and beams which is analysed in substitute frame method.
In this method, the beams which are at floor level as well as the columns above the floor and below which are situated at the fixed far end will be e analysed. In some cases the bending moment is not distributed over the far end, thus the moment is computed independently at each floor and retained on that floor for further analysis.
See lessWhat is Kicker Reinforcement in RCC Column?
a Kicker is a 5-15cm advance that is given at the Column/Shear divider Base during the throwing of the section/establishment. It is given to guarantee that the directions of the section/divider are kept up consistently between the chunks and basically all through the structure. Casting of slab/ founRead more
a Kicker is a 5-15cm advance that is given at the Column/Shear divider Base during the throwing of the section/establishment. It is given to guarantee that the directions of the section/divider are kept up consistently between the chunks and basically all through the structure.
Casting of slab/ foundation, the covering for the segment can be fixed legitimately on the kicker to ensure column location and base alignment is precise.
Its job is to keep away uneven steel cover and Column/wall alignment issues, which are practically difficult to correct once the concrete is cast and can be effortlessly distinguished/redressed by giving a kicker.
An inappropriate practice related to the arrangement of the kicker is that a few contractual workers give a kicker after casting a slab, which includes an extra undesirable Construction columns near the base where the shear is maximum and hence is not advised.
how to calculate twisting moment?
Torsion is the twisting of a beam under the action of a torque (twisting moment). It is systematically applied to screws, nuts, axles, drive shafts etc, and is also generated more randomly under service conditions in car bodies, boat hulls, aircraft fuselages, bridges, springs and many other structuRead more
Torsion is the twisting of a beam under the action of a torque (twisting moment). It is systematically applied to screws, nuts, axles, drive shafts etc, and is also generated more randomly under service conditions in car bodies, boat hulls, aircraft fuselages, bridges, springs and many other structures and components. A torque, T , has the same units (N m) as a bending moment, M . Both are the product of a force and a distance. In the case of a torque, the force is tangential and the distance is the radial distance between this tangent and the axis of rotation.
All torsion problems can be solved using the following formula:
T/J = shear stress/ r = (G * angle)/ L
where:
T = torque or twisting moment, [N×m, lb×in]
J = polar moment of inertia or polar second moment of area about shaft axis, [m4, in4]
τ = shear stress at outer fibre, [Pa, psi]
r = radius of the shaft, [m, in]
G = modulus of rigidity (PanGlobal and Reed’s) or shear modulus (everybody else), [Pa, psi]
θ = angle of twist, [rad]
L = length of the shaft, [m, in]
AdityaBhandakkar
If the wall is rigid and cannot be move when the pressure exerted on the wall, then the soil behind the wall is in the state of static equilibrium. This case is called rest earth pressure. For bridges, slab walls and Abutments is soil mass or backfill with static equilibrium is required because it cRead more
If the wall is rigid and cannot be move when the pressure exerted on the wall, then the soil behind the wall is in the state of static equilibrium. This case is called rest earth pressure.
For bridges, slab walls and Abutments is soil mass or backfill with static equilibrium is required because it can bear the heavy load. Thus for safety point of view in construction pressure at rest is considered. In this case, all the pressures are being exerted uniformly on the retaining wall.
There are two types of conditions developed
For normally consolidated clay,
K= 1- sin(¢)
For overconsolidated clay
K(overconsolidated )= K(normally consolidated clay) x √OCR
OCR= OVERCONSOLIDATION RATIO
See less