Structural Engineering
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What is a convergent beam? Why is it so important?
AdityaBhandakkar
hi, A convergent beam of light rays together that converges after refraction and reflection at a single point known as the focus. point source emittes a light rays of light travel in all directions, moving away with a time. Such a beam of light is called a divergent beam of light. hope you get itRead more
hi, A convergent beam of light rays together that converges after refraction and reflection at a single point known as the focus. point source emittes a light rays of light travel in all directions, moving away with a time. Such a beam of light is called a divergent beam of light.
hope you get it.
See lessWhat happens when the thrust line coincides with the bottom Vern axis of beam? (Prestressed concrete)
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, Shear force is combined with flexural compression which as resultant C, leading to form an inclined thrust line which is arch. For the present approach to a simple strut and tie model, it may be technically expected that the shear force αV is supported by the longitudinal resultant Na, and theRead more
Hi, Shear force is combined with flexural compression which as resultant C, leading to form an inclined thrust line which is arch. For the present approach to a simple strut and tie model, it may be technically expected that the shear force αV is supported by the longitudinal resultant Na, and the whose acting point is temporarily denoted by Za. That is,
NαVcotθNa=αVcotθ
Shear force is a product of shear stress and area.
Refer above the figure for understanding.
See lessHow do I remove a load bearing wall and extend?
Kuldeep Singh
Well, one way would be to 1) First lay the footings and colomns in the extension area 2) then knock of the wall 3) underpin or scaffold the beams/girders above the wall 4) drill into the outer face at the joints of beams, coloumns from where the extension is to be done 5) drive in new reinforcementRead more
Well, one way would be to
1) First lay the footings and colomns in the extension area
2) then knock of the wall
3) underpin or scaffold the beams/girders above the wall
4) drill into the outer face at the joints of beams, coloumns from where the extension is to be done
5) drive in new reinforcement bars onto the drilled holes and grout
6) bend them up to make a crank extension
7) do the same to the new colmns
8) put up the formwork for beams and cast them with crank reinforcement, put up the formwork for floors or roof and cast them in the same way
9) build walls, doors, panels, etc at the new open faces after extension.
PS : This is just a suggestion. It’s not tried and tested. For a cost estimate, a contractor or estimator might help.
See lessWhat architectural features affect design of earthquake resistant buildings?
aviratdhodare
Such that the forces generated by the most destructive force that The Mother unleashes upon us human, tenets of Earthquake Resistant design need to be incorporated into all buildings we live and work within. For ensuring the safety of people there, it must be ensured by the designers that the buildiRead more
Such that the forces generated by the most destructive force that The Mother unleashes upon us human, tenets of Earthquake Resistant design need to be incorporated into all buildings we live and work within. For ensuring the safety of people there, it must be ensured by the designers that the buildings don’t collapse in the event of an earthquake. Towards this end, the technical aspect of endurance is – ductility. We shall see that a little later.
Before proceeding on any elaboration, let the concerned reduce the contradictions/conflicts that nearly regularly surface between the Architects and the Structural Engineers.
As far as Architectural features are concerned, these are a few of them that must be incorporated. For example, keep the plan symmetrical along its vertical axis and avoid large void spaces within the buildings.
If architects can take the structural engineers along with them right from the beginning of the architectural planning process, much of the confrontations and changes at later stages can be obviated. Else, the cost for the same size building can be much higher if the architect insists upon very peculiar shapes. Unfortunately, this seamless coordination between these two prime people doesn’t happen in most cases.
The challenge is much bigger for the structural designers if the owner and the architects insist upon peculiar designs. The Burj Al Arab Hotel of Dubai is one example. Imagine, everything right from the beginning has been and shall ever remain against the stability of this particular building. Yet it stands. More than the architect, it is the structural designer who needs to be applauded for this magic…
Structural designers must design buildings such that while the columns and the beams are strong, the roof slabs be as light as is feasible given the architectural shape/design of any building.
Confining reinforcement at the beam-column junctions ensures the required ductility of the buildings in the event of an earthquake. This MUST be ensured at all costs.
There are numerous other features of the design. But equally significant part is the execution of the design on the ground. Unfortunately, we in India are not able to control this part very well.
See lessWhat is Redundant Truss?
nikeetasharma
Redundant truss is statically indeterminate. In a redundant truss, the number of members present in it are more than that required in a perfect truss. So, such trusses cannot be analysed by making the use of equilibrium equation alone. Thus, redundant truss are those additional members or supports wRead more
Redundant truss is statically indeterminate. In a redundant truss, the number of members present in it are more than that required in a perfect truss. So, such trusses cannot be analysed by making the use of equilibrium equation alone. Thus, redundant truss are those additional members or supports which are not necessary for maintaining the equilibrium configuration.
Here are some reasons for providing redundant members ;
- For providing support if the applied loading is changed.
- For increasing stability during construction.
- For maintaining alignment of two members during construction.
- For maintaining stability during loading.
- Analysis is difficult but possible.
See lessWhat is the introductory rate analysis of SS Masonry?
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, determination of labour and material quantity of any brickwork or masonry is called a rate analysis. In simple words, rate analysis is a calculation of the stones per cubic feet. In this case, generally dressed stones are used. 2stones/feet^2 4stones/feet^3 Rates depend on local labours costingRead more
Hi, determination of labour and material quantity of any brickwork or masonry is called a rate analysis.
In simple words, rate analysis is a calculation of the stones per cubic feet. In this case, generally dressed stones are used.
2stones/feet^2
4stones/feet^3
Rates depend on local labours costing and availability of materials. Labour rates include the application of mortar, transportation of materials, stone dressing and fixing.
See lessHow to use steel to alleviate structural distress in column due to corrossion?
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, generally, the lifespan of the RCC structure is 100 years.IS 456:2000 suggest all the repairs of RCC structures due to various causes of failure.poor workmanship and the excessive amount of water to cement ratio is the main cause of deterioration of RCC members. Per 50 kg bag of cement requiresRead more
Hi, generally, the lifespan of the RCC structure is 100 years.IS 456:2000 suggest all the repairs of RCC structures due to various causes of failure.poor workmanship and the excessive amount of water to cement ratio is the main cause of deterioration of RCC members. Per 50 kg bag of cement requires 15 to 18 liters of water. If an excess amount is used, it causes deterioration of structures. Also, inadequate concrete cover reinforcement is exposed to an environment that causes rusting and failure after some time.
To alleviate the distressed in the column, identification of the location off distress is a preliminary inspection.
Then perform a detailed investigation. In this part of the checking of the strength of concrete, chemical analysis of concrete and corrosion test will be carried out.
Following are the methods of repair of cracks:
- Cement bond polymer
- Epoxy modified mortar
- Elastomeric concrete
- Ferro cement bond
- Fibre-reinforced concrete joint
- Use of low-risk city epoxy materials for crack repairs
See lessHow to treat the under design poured concrete on shearwall?
Komal Bhandakkar
Design of poured concrete on the shear wall: When the final f'c extrapolated from a break of 3 days then an additional break of 5 days (it is usually 3, 7 & 28 days), it is directly indicated that the first cylinder itself was defective. When the f'c of 5000psi was one of the 28th day (i.e. finaRead more
Design of poured concrete on the shear wall:
But after all, the testing fell short of the design, the general contractor, and batch plant manager approach to the officer in charge (Airforce colonel which is assigned to oversee the project) to propose one of the serious field testings to demonstrate that the cantilever would work.
Finally, he decided to redo it.
See less