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vivek gami
vivek gami

vivek gami

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What is fatigue in any structural member?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Concrete fatigue refers to the phenomenon of rupture under repeated loadings, each of which is smaller than a single static load that exceeds the strength of material.

    Concrete fatigue refers to the phenomenon of rupture under repeated loadings, each of which is smaller than a single static load that exceeds the strength of material.

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vivek gami
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What is Castellated Beam? Why we provide it?

  1. Vivek Patel

    Vivek Patel

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    Vivek Patel User

    The castellated beam is a modified steel beam. In which the beam is cut in the central web portion were no great force is present. Cut near to neutral axis of the beam where we required less amount of material mass to resist various force. The opening shape may be hexagonal, rectangular, circular, eRead more

    The castellated beam is a modified steel beam. In which the beam is cut in the central web portion were no great force is present.

    Cut near to neutral axis of the beam where we required less amount of material mass to resist various force.

    The opening shape may be hexagonal, rectangular, circular, etc.

    Due to opening in web we get some benifit

    • Saving in material
    • Lighter weight
    • Due to increased depth allowed, we get more strengthen beam
    • Good aesthetic view
    • Esay handle with roof febrication work.
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civil sons
civil sons

civil sons

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What are the Primary and secondary load-bearing structures of high-rise concrete buildings? Bracing against the lateral load of wind and earthquake

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    Walls, beams, columns, foundations etc can be called as primary or main load bearing components of a concrete building. Examples of secondary load bearing structures would be the lintels in masonry walls, the shelf angles that support finishes when they span over a window or other opening and there Read more

    Walls, beams, columns, foundations etc can be called as primary or main load bearing components of a concrete building.

    Examples of secondary load bearing structures would be the lintels in masonry walls, the shelf angles that support finishes when they span over a window or other opening and there are other odd and ends that provide support or stabilization such as cross bracing in steel bar joist or structural elements used during the construction of the building.

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Getu B.
Getu B.

Getu B.

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How to detect/identify reinforcement bars inside the hardened concrete, such as footings and columns without destructing the built concrete?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

    AdityaBhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.

    Hi, Following are some process to identify the defects and done inspection of Steel bars in reinforcement concrete Eddy current Technique, Single frequency method, Microwave heating of numerical modelling, Refer this methods in ACI for details practical use.

    Hi, Following are some process to identify the defects and done inspection of Steel bars in reinforcement concrete

    1. Eddy current Technique,
    2. Single frequency method,
    3. Microwave heating of numerical modelling,

    Refer this methods in ACI for details practical use.

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Himanshu joshi
Himanshu joshi

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What is the effect of steel and aluminum, if we use it as reinforcement in structure?

  1. vivek gami

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    vivek gami User

    Both have different properties & a separate cost which describes below. steel As compared aluminium,steel have less corrosion resistance Steel are chiper than aluminium Steel give lesser malleability and elastic properties than aluminium In weight steel have higher weight Steel is tough & haRead more

    Both have different properties & a separate cost which describes below.

    steel

    • As compared aluminium,steel have less corrosion resistance
    • Steel are chiper than aluminium
    • Steel give lesser malleability and elastic properties than aluminium
    • In weight steel have higher weight
    • Steel is tough & harder than alluminium
    • Generally we use steel as a reinforced member in concrete structures
    • Esay to weld with other structural components.

    Aluminum

    • Higher corrosion resistance
    • Higher cost
    • Higher
    • malleability and elastic properties
    • Lesser weight
    • Generally we not use in concrete
    • Difficult to weld
    • Aluminum is soft metal compare to steel.

     

    We are generally use steel as a reinforcement.

    We doesn’t use aluminium because of soft metal property

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fhsappleton
fhsappleton

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Sectional details through walls, joint connections, corners, windows, and door openings.

  1. Gopal Mishra

    Gopal Mishra

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    Gopal Mishra

    The design and detailing details of wall construction depend on many factors such as its purpose, type and amount of load on it, its support conditions, types of soils, etc. Unless these details are known, the sectional details can not be accurate or as required.

    The design and detailing details of wall construction depend on many factors such as its purpose, type and amount of load on it, its support conditions, types of soils, etc. Unless these details are known, the sectional details can not be accurate or as required.

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Aswany Sreejith
Aswany Sreejith

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What is the procedure of designing the formwork?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Formwork is the term used for the process of creating a temporary mould into which concrete is poured and formed. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and other materials. There are three types of formwork :- -BeaRead more

    Formwork is the term used for the process of creating a temporary mould into which concrete is poured and formed. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and other materials.

    There are three types of formwork :-

    -Beam formwork :-
    Formwork for beams takes the form of a three-sided box which is supported and propped in the correct position and to the desired level. The removal time for the formwork will vary with air temperature, humidity and consequent curing rate. Typical striking times are as follows (using air temperature of 7-16 ºC):

    i) Beam sides: 9-12 hours.
    ii) Beam soffits: 8-14 days.
    iii) Beam props: 15-21 days.

    -Column formwork :-
    This consists of a vertical mould of the desired shape and size of the column to be poured. As a means of keeping the formwork material thickness to a minimum, horizontal steel or timber clamps (or yokes) are used at equal centres for batch filling and at varying centres for filling that is completed in one pour.

    The head of the column formwork can be used to provide support for the beam formwork, but while this gives good top lateral restraint it can make the formwork complex. Alternatively, the column can be cast to the underside of the beams. Later on, a collar of formwork can be clamped around the cast column to complete the casting and support the incoming beam formwork.

    -Plastic formwork :-
    Re-usable plastic formwork is generally used for quick pours of concrete. The formwork is assembled either from interlocking panels or from a modular system and is used for relatively simple concrete structures. It is not as versatile as timber formwork due to the prefabrication requirements and is best suited for lost-cost, repetitive structures such as mass housing schemes.

    Stay-in-place structural formwork is generally assembled on site using prefabricated fibre-reinforced plastic. It is used for concrete columns and piers and stays in place, acting as permanent axial and shear reinforcement for the structural member. It also provides resistance to environmental damage for both the concrete and reinforcing bars.

    Proprietary systems are used to support vertical formwork while concrete cures, consisting of a series of tubes and ties.

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lei
lei

lei

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How to treat the under design poured concrete on shearwall? example: the designed strength of concrete (f’c) must be 7000 psi however it was poured by only f’c=5000psi?  

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Komal Bhandakkar AUTHOR
    How to treat the under design poured concrete on shearwall?

    Design of poured concrete on the shear wall: When the final f'c extrapolated from a break of 3 days then an additional break of 5 days (it is usually 3, 7 & 28 days), it is directly indicated that the first cylinder itself was defective. When the f'c of 5000psi was one of the 28th day (i.e. finaRead more

    Design of poured concrete on the shear wall:

    • When the final f’c extrapolated from a break of 3 days then an additional break of 5 days (it is usually 3, 7 & 28 days), it is directly indicated that the first cylinder itself was defective.
    • When the f’c of 5000psi was one of the 28th day (i.e. final) result, then it clearly indicates that it’s necessary to return the design engineer who is specified f’c 7000.
    • It is really possible that he or she can review their previous calculations and determine lower compression that will still satisfy their own design.
    • If it is not so then it will clearly requirement of other physical attributes like load, span, etc. it will have to be adjusted.
    • Practically on a job, I was inspecting probably 3-day break spec, 5-day break, confirmed below fake spec.
    • Usually, the contractor decided to tear the wall out and repour, but later on, it was determined to be a mechanical failure at the batch plant where only half the cement was batched.
    • In case of another multi-storey hotel, it wasn’t the compression, it was the lack of adequate reconsolidation including vibration.
    • When the forms where is stripped from a large, significance and poured in place shear wall, there were a large number of voids -some the size of a basketball.
    • It was ultimately referred to the engineer, who specified filling a large number of voids with a simple compound.
    • I personally didn’t feel particularly warm and fuzzy about the fix, but the engineer seemed more satisfied.
    • One example of which I know is that a cantilevered deck at an officer’s club, on a military base.

    But after all, the testing fell short of the design, the general contractor, and batch plant manager approach to the officer in charge (Airforce colonel which is assigned to oversee the project) to propose one of the serious field testings to demonstrate that the cantilever would work.

    Finally, he decided to redo it.

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