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Mangala Karunarathne
Mangala Karunarathne

Mangala Karunarathne

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Beginner

What is Web Crippling in Steel?

  1. Ancy Joby

    Ancy Joby

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    Webs of rolled section are subjected to large amount of stresses just below concentrated loads and above reactions from support. Stress concentration occurs at junction of web and flange. As a result, large bearing stresses are developed below concentrated load. Consequently, the web near portion ofRead more

    Webs of rolled section are subjected to large amount of stresses just below concentrated loads and above reactions from support. Stress concentration occurs at junction of web and flange. As a result, large bearing stresses are developed below concentrated load. Consequently, the web near portion of stress concentration tends to fold over flange. This type of local buckling phenomenon is called crippling or crippling of web.

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Vivek Patel
Vivek Patel

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Where is the T beam used in concrete structure?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    nikeetasharma Guru

    Here, the designers gets a natural advantage of using T or L beams in any structure with slab beam construction. It is mainly used in frame type structure. A T-beam or Tee-beam is used in a construction process which is a load bearing structure of a reinforced concrete, wood or metal having T-shapedRead more

    Here, the designers gets a natural advantage of using T or L beams in any structure with slab beam construction. It is mainly used in frame type structure. A T-beam or Tee-beam is used in a construction process which is a load bearing structure of a reinforced concrete, wood or metal having T-shaped cross-section. The vertical section (web) of the beam below the compression flange serves to resist shear stress and to provide greater separation for the coupled forces of bending.
    Therefore, in any situation of beam-slab we can use T-beam.

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sbandi67
sbandi67

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How to calculate stiffness of storey to avoid soft storey of multi-storeyed building?

  1. Kuldeep Singh

    Kuldeep Singh

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    Kuldeep Singh Learner

    Avoid soft storey? A soft storey is a storey with lateral stiffness less than the storey just above. So technically, you cannot avoid soft storey just by calculation. Right? Well, according to the new code for seismic design, IS 1893 Part I (2016), infill masonry walls in soft storeys of RC buildingRead more

    Avoid soft storey? A soft storey is a storey with lateral stiffness less than the storey just above. So technically, you cannot avoid soft storey just by calculation. Right?

    Well, according to the new code for seismic design, IS 1893 Part I (2016), infill masonry walls in soft storeys of RC buildings can be modeled as diagonal struts to contribute to lateral stiffness.Though this doesn’t guarantee that the resulting storey stiffness with the contribution of infill walls, will be greater than that of the storey above.

    Method :

    • In buildings with RCC moment resisting frames with a soft storey (stiffness irregularity), when the structural plan density (SPD) of masonry infills exceeds 20%, the effect of unreinforced masonry infills (URM infills) has to be considered explicitly using structural analysis especially for buildings in earthquake zones III, IV and V.
    • The compressive strength, fª of URM infill prism is calculated as per IS 1905 or according to the formula in IS 1893 (2016) clause 7.9.2.1.
    • The URM infill walls are modelled as diagonal struts with ends pin jointed to the RC frames. The width of the struts are calculated as per clause 7.9.2.1 of IS 1893 (2016). Thickness, t is taken as equal to the thickness of the URM walls themselves provided h/t < 12 and l/t < 12 where h and t are the clear height and clear length of the diagonal struts.
    • The stiffnesses of the diagonal struts are added to the earlier floor stiffness and the new storey stiffness is calculated. If soft storey condition ceases, we can proceed with further analyses.

    [Note : Even after reading the answer please do refer to table 6, fig. 4 and section 7.9 of IS 1893 Part I (2016) for two formulae mentioned above and a clearer understanding of the method in detail.]

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poojan
poojan

poojan

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Which type of cement is used in the construction of a pile foundation? Kindly mention the references from codes or guides for the answer.

  1. Madeh Izat Hamakareem

    Madeh Izat Hamakareem

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    Madeh Izat Hamakareem EDITOR

    Any type of cement can be used as long as the design and durability requirements of the concrete used to construct the pile are met. For instance, if the sulfate attack is expected, it is desirable to select sulfate resistance cement because it produces concrete that withstand sulfate attack. As a rRead more

    Any type of cement can be used as long as the design and durability requirements of the concrete used to construct the pile are met. For instance, if the sulfate attack is expected, it is desirable to select sulfate resistance cement because it produces concrete that withstand sulfate attack. As a result, the produced concrete would durable.

    You can visit the following link to read more about Applications of Different Types of Cement for Concrete Construction:

    https://test.theconstructor.org/building/applications-cement-types-concrete/7686/

    The ACI code 318-18 provides the design and durability requirements of concrete.

    Design Requirements of Concrete Based on ACI 318-19

    https://test.theconstructor.org/concrete/design-requirements-concrete/39004/

    Concrete Durability Requirements Based on ACI-318-19

    https://test.theconstructor.org/concrete/concrete-durability-requirements/39036/

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Vicky Patel
Vicky Patel

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How the loads transmit in elements of the Intze water tank?

  1. Preet Chovatiya

    Preet Chovatiya

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    Preet Chovatiya Learner

    For design roof slab the following load considers during the design of the Intze tank. 1. Self-weight of slab For design bottom slab the following load acting on the bottom slab is. 1. Weight of wall of the tank 2. Weight of roof slab 3. Self-weight of the bottom slab 4. Weight of water For design bRead more

    For design roof slab the following load considers during the design of the Intze tank.

    1. Self-weight of slab

    For design bottom slab the following load acting on the bottom slab is.

    1. Weight of wall of the tank

    2. Weight of roof slab

    3. Self-weight of the bottom slab

    4. Weight of water

    For design beam the following loads calculate.

    1. Self-weight of beam

    2. Weight of slabs

    3. Floor finish or live load

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Jude Oseafiana
Jude Oseafiana

Jude Oseafiana

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How to construct a concrete column over existing slab of 150mm?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    But why you want a column raised on a slab. The moment you do, a point load will come on slab at that point so it is not possible/advisable. Describe problem for alternative solution. You can't build a column on slab unless slab is designed for the load you needed for. It is regarded as pt load on sRead more

    But why you want a column raised on a slab. The moment you do, a point load will come on slab at that point so it is not possible/advisable. Describe problem for alternative solution.
    You can’t build a column on slab unless slab is designed for the load you needed for. It is regarded as pt load on slab which is usually not designed for it, it all relies on what purpose you want to raise the column on slab.

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Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

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What are the different structural shapes used in steel structures? Kindly named it and explain the importance and function of these structural shapes?

  1. [Deleted User]
    This answer was edited.
    What are different structural shapes used in steel structures amd its Importance and Function?

    ANGLE SECTION - use for both compression and tension member. it is also used for a build-up beam. equal angle unequal angle bulb angle - mostly use for ship and storage tank construction CHANNEL SECTION - mostly used for the build-up column. also, use for tension members. I-SECTION - this kind of seRead more

    • ANGLE SECTION – use for both compression and tension member. it is also used for a build-up beam.
    1. equal angle
    2. unequal angle
    3. bulb angle – mostly use for ship and storage tank construction
    • CHANNEL SECTION – mostly used for the build-up column. also, use for tension members.
    • I-SECTION – this kind of section widely use for beam construction due to its better stiffness.
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