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Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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How to calculate the quantity of water for a given mix concrete. As it would be required to calculate for mix 1:2:4.

  1. Preet Chovatiya

    Preet Chovatiya

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    As we know 1:2:4 ratio is for M15 concrete. Generally Water quantity is calculated as per below formula: Water Quantity=W/C ratio*Cement Quantity Generally W/C ratio is lays between 0.4 to 0.6 as per IS 10262(2009). Now first we have to assume cement quantity, so let's assume cement quantity=50 KG aRead more

    As we know 1:2:4 ratio is for M15 concrete. Generally Water quantity is calculated as per below formula:

    Water Quantity=W/C ratio*Cement Quantity

    Generally W/C ratio is lays between 0.4 to 0.6 as per IS 10262(2009).

    Now first we have to assume cement quantity, so let’s assume cement quantity=50 KG and W/C ratio=0.5

    Now let’s calculate water quantity for 50 KG cement.

    Water Quantity=0.5*50=25 liter.

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deayan
deayan

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Different Cement companies have maintain different % of Flyash in cement. what are the advantage and disadvantage of Higher / Lower % of flyash in cement.

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.

    PPC: Approximately 15 to 30% of ordinary Portland cement is replaced with fly ash in Portland pozzolana cement. The compressive strength of Portland pozzolana cement is more for long term use compared to ordinary Portland cement. Ordinary Portland cement is one of the widely used cement. For residenRead more

    PPC:

    Approximately 15 to 30% of ordinary Portland cement is replaced with fly ash in Portland pozzolana cement.

    The compressive strength of Portland pozzolana cement is more for long term use compared to ordinary Portland cement.

    Ordinary Portland cement is one of the widely used cement.

    For residential construction, we prefer Portland pozzolana cement as compared to ordinary Portland cement. We use ordinary Portland cement only for commercial purposes.

    Three grades of cement are available 33, 43, and 53.

    33 grade of cement means the compressive strength of cement after 28 days of curing should be at least 33 mega Pascal not more than that value.

    43 grade of cement was the compressive strength of cement after 28 days of curing should be at least 43 Newton per mm square or more than that.

    Similarly, 53 Grade of cement means compressive strength of cement after 28 days of curing should be at least 53 Newton per mm square or more than that value.

    Thank you.

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vivek gami
vivek gami

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What is Soundness Property of Cement?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Soundness property of cement is checked by Le-chatelier method as per IS:4031 (part-3) 1988.

    Soundness property of cement is checked by Le-chatelier method as per IS:4031 (part-3) 1988.

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VSR
VSR

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Robo sand or M-sand instead of natural sand in concrete of footings, columns, and slab? What are the steps needed to be taken to mitigate disadvantages if one uses Robo Sand/ M ...

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.

    Hi, I thought you get your answer from the above comments. But as you mentioned in the question about his safety, yes the M sand safe for construction purposes up to some extent and after using some admixtures. Basically, rivers and is very costly. And the sands of the river selling on the base of wRead more

    Hi, I thought you get your answer from the above comments. But as you mentioned in the question about his safety, yes the M sand safe for construction purposes up to some extent and after using some admixtures. Basically, rivers and is very costly. And the sands of the river selling on the base of weight. If M sand is available in the local area as it is the best choice to use. In Hyderabad, most of the power plants use a Robo sand or M sand and rock sand. Because the rivers are situated far away from the city location.  

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    • 39
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Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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How to repair the damaged beams and walls in load-bearing construction as shown in the images below. As seen in the picture, the structure has been broken to make way for drain pipes.

  1. poojan

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    There are certain methods to remove the delaminated concrete, and then formwork is to be fixe. After that, the application of repair material like a dry pack, and wet pack, shotcrete, is carried out if reinforcement is not removed while fixing the pipe. You can try one other method also, by fixing pRead more

    There are certain methods to remove the delaminated concrete, and then formwork is to be fixe. After that, the application of repair material like a dry pack, and wet pack, shotcrete, is carried out if reinforcement is not removed while fixing the pipe.

    You can try one other method also, by fixing plate bonding in the beam on the bottom to enhance the flexural strength, you will have to rest the plate on the bricks, and for that, you will have to remove the top layer of the brick. You also may need to provide scaffolding if you are altering the load-bearing wall. As it is a load-bearing structure, if any alteration is done in the load-bearing wall, it should be done with the consultation of a structural engineer.

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nirav
nirav

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What are the purpose and usage of Plasticizers?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Plasticizers are generally colorless liquids which are relatively nonvolatile. In other words, plasticizer is a substance that is added to the material to make it softer and more flexible. Plasticizers are commonly added to polymers such as plastics and rubbers, to facilitate the handling of the rawRead more

    Plasticizers are generally colorless liquids which are relatively nonvolatile. In other words, plasticizer is a substance that is added to the material to make it softer and more flexible. Plasticizers are commonly added to polymers such as plastics and rubbers, to facilitate the handling of the raw materials during fabrication.

    The purpose and usage of plasticizer are as follows ;

    • Used to convert a rigid plastic into a soft, flexible and elastic material.
    • Increases the plasticity nature of the mix to decrease its viscosity.
    • It imparts flexibility to resin and minimizes film cracking
    • It is also used as an air entraining agent.
    • It decreases the water/cement ratio and gives high strength.
    • It helps in improvement of workability of the mix.
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    • 33
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Tips_and_tricks
Tips_and_tricks

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What is the significance of Fineness of Cement?

  1. aviratdhodare

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    This answer was edited.

    The fineness of cement is a measure of the size of particles of cement and is expressed in terms of the specific surface area of cement. The fineness of cement is measured as the % weight retained on a 90µm IS sieve over the total weight of the sample. In the laboratory, the fineness of cement is teRead more

    The fineness of cement is a measure of the size of particles of cement and is expressed in terms of the specific surface area of cement. The fineness of cement is measured as the % weight retained on a 90µm IS sieve over the total weight of the sample. In the laboratory, the fineness of cement is tested by sieving and by the determination of a specific surface. For ordinary cement, the weight of residue left on the sieve shall not exceed 10%. The fineness of cement is the significant factor affecting the rate of hydration, rate of gain of strength, setting time, and rate of evolution of heat. The rate of strength development increases with fineness. Since the specific surface area is inversely proportional to the size of the particle, the surface area is more for finer cement than for a coarser cement. Therefore, the finer the cement, the higher the surface area for hydration and hence faster the development of strength.

    Smaller cement particles react much quicker than the larger particles. A cement particle with a diameter of 1 µm will react entirely in 1 day, whereas the particle with a diameter of 10µm takes about 1 month. It is found that the particle size fraction below 3 microns affects one day’s strength and 3 to 25-micron fraction influence the 28 days’ strength. Setting time decreases with an increase in the fineness of the cement. Too much smaller particles in cement results in quick setting, thereby leaving no time for mixing, handling, and placing. Also, such cement is susceptible to air set and early deterioration. To increase the setting time of cement, it must be manufactured in a different range of particle sizes.

    Please upvote if this information is useful!

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mekilee
mekilee

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I want to learn which materials are generally used in sustainable concrete and why.

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

    AdityaBhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.

    Hi, This is one of the most important topics of today's construction. To make construction sustainable and durable is the need for the present scenario. yes, there are some of the original techniques such as manufacturing of concrete with recycled rubber tyre, using a recycled mud from a treatment sRead more

    Hi,

    This is one of the most important topics of today’s construction. To make construction sustainable and durable is the need for the present scenario. yes, there are some of the original techniques such as manufacturing of concrete with recycled rubber tyre, using a recycled mud from a treatment sewage plant for making bricks, mixing of sand dust(generated from sawmills, pruning etc), making of bricks from sand dust, uses of vegetable fibres example Bamboo, coconut that can be mixed with cement and it also works as a strengthening agent and insulators.

    1. Timber is a material that has the lowest mental impact from its production process and life cycle.

    To achieve a sustainable construction we must have to put an end to close bad long-lasting habits of squandering natural resources.

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