it is observed that formation of efflorescence is high in coastal areas. process of efflorescence formation in cementitious materials is understood. only reasons to having high risk of efflorescence formation are needed to be cleared. please advice
Curing of concrete with hydrogel: Basically curing is one of the chemical processes in the field of polymer chemistry and is widely used in civil engineering to harden the cementitious material bi crosslinking of various polymer chains. Hydrogel consists of various polymeric compounds which are capaRead more
Curing of concrete with hydrogel:
Basically curing is one of the chemical processes in the field of polymer chemistry and is widely used in civil engineering to harden the cementitious material bi crosslinking of various polymer chains.
Hydrogel consists of various polymeric compounds which are capable of holding water in their three-dimensional network.
The hydrogel is a wound-healing material. Following precaution should be taken while curing,
- Apply the curing process as soon as possible because the delay of a few hours may create a substantial difference.
- In windy conditions, the spray-on curing membranes method is not more effective.
- In difficult areas like columns, membrane curing is an appropriate option.
- PFA, GGBS and CSF need better curing of long-span i.e. up to 5days.
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Efflorescence is layer of salts left behind by an evaporating sol'n of salts on masonry surfaces. It is quite usual on plastered walls, ceilings, concrete, cement plastering, and painted walls. Why and how does it occur? It occurs when the dissolved salts in cement, sand, and water in constructionsRead more
Efflorescence is layer of salts left behind by an evaporating sol’n of salts on masonry surfaces. It is quite usual on plastered walls, ceilings, concrete, cement plastering, and painted walls.
Why and how does it occur? It occurs when the dissolved salts in cement, sand, and water in constructions are brought to the surface through leaching. In the second stage, the water evaporates to the atmosphere leaving powdery crystalline salts on the surface.
These salts could be present in cement due to breakdown and aging.
The sand used is of inferior quality containing salts. Though river sands are used in construction, excessive quarrying could lead to poorer quality. Instead of using sand from river or lake beds, adulteration with seashore sand could be the cause.
Water used for curing is impure with dissolved salts in it. Saline water with dissolved salts could turn out to be the culprit.
At the initial stages, the formation of a salt layer on the surface could go unnoticed. However repetitive cycles of evaporation and leaching steadily build-up the salt and the seriousness of the problem is visual. In some cases, growth in fungi could be noticed accompanied by efflorescence leading to unhygienic spaces.
Let us turn our attention to the question of the acceleration of corrosion near the seashores. Galvanic corrosion is the type of corrosion noticed near seashores. Salt in the form of aerosols reaches places located 30 KM inshore.
Salt, water, and the wind are the players that accelerate the corrosion process. Near the seashores, all these prime ingredients are readily available.
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