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Asked: January 11, 2019In: Construction Site Related

What is height of instrument and Rise & fall method of levelling?

Muksit Pathan
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I want to what is height of instrument and Rise & fall method of levelling? What is the method to calculate reduced level.

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on September 7, 2020 at 5:39 pm

    Height of Instrument : It is the method which deals with the obtaining of RL of the line of collimation by adding BS reading of a known RL point. Thus, RL of the line of collimation is called the Height of Instrument. It is always measured from the benchmark. Hence the benchmark is the point on theRead more

    • Height of Instrument :

    It is the method which deals with the obtaining of RL of the line of collimation by adding BS reading of a known RL point. Thus, RL of the line of collimation is called the Height of Instrument. It is always measured from the benchmark. Hence the benchmark is the point on the sea derived from mean sea level.

    – method to calculate RL;

    height of collimation (H of C) = reduced level(R.L.) + backsight (B.S.)

    reduced level (R.L.) = height of collimation (H of C) – foresight (F.S.)

    reduced level (R.L.) = height of collimation (H of C) – intermediate sight (I.S.)

     

    • Rise & fall method :

    It is the method which gives the difference of elevation between consecutive points by comparing each point after the first that immediately preceding it. Rise and fall are indicated by the difference in staff reading. After that RL is found by adding the rise to or subtracting the fall from the reduced level of the preceding point.

    – method to calculate RL;

    fall (F) = foresight (F.S.) – backsight (B.S.)

    fall (F) = intermediate sight (I.S.) – backsight (B.S.)

    rise (R) = backsight (B.S.) – foresight (F.S.)

    reduced level (R.L.) = precede reduced level  + rise (R)

    reduced level (R.L.) = precede reduce level – fall (F)

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Asked: May 22, 2020In: Construction Site Related

What is the difference between Granular Sub Base (GSB) & Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) in Pavement structures?

MohamedAquib
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What is the difference between Granular Sub Base (GSB) & Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) in Pavement structures? What is the maximum size of the aggregates to be used in GSB & WMM?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 9, 2020 at 2:55 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Difference between granular sub-base and wet mix macadam in payment structure: The wet mix macadam mostly consists of laying spreading and compacting of clean, crushed, well-graded granular material that is prepared and approved granular sub-base. Single compacted wet mix macadam player shall not beRead more

    Difference between granular sub-base and wet mix macadam in payment structure:

    The wet mix macadam mostly consists of laying spreading and compacting of clean, crushed, well-graded granular material that is prepared and approved granular sub-base.

    Single compacted wet mix macadam player shall not be less than 75mm.

    Whenever we are using vibrating compacting equipment then compacted depth of a single layer of the course of the subway may be up to 200 mm.

    Wet mix macadam shall be prepared in an approved of water macadam mixing plant.

    Here replacing the aggregate fraction should be retained on 22.4 mm sieve with materials of passing from 22.4 and written on 4.75 mm.

    While the addition of water, the evaporation loss shall be considered the mixed material shall be uniformly wet and segregation will take place.    

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Asked: November 23, 2017In: Construction Site Related

What is Difference Between Load Bearing and Frame Structure?

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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What is the difference between a load bearing structure and a frame structure? How load is transferred in load bearing and framed structures?

  1. DevilAVRT

    DevilAVRT

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    Added an answer on July 4, 2020 at 12:20 pm

    No. Load Bearing Structure Frame Structure 1. Almost all the walls are load bearing walls. None of the wall are load bearing. They serve the same purpose as partition or screen. 2. Almost all the should be provided with foundation None of the walls are provided with any type of foundation. Walls doRead more

    No. Load Bearing Structure Frame Structure
    1. Almost all the walls are load bearing walls. None of the wall are load bearing. They serve the same purpose as partition or screen.
    2. Almost all the should be provided with foundation None of the walls are provided with any type of foundation. Walls do not go below the plinth beam.
    3. Load bearing walls are taken deep into the subsoil foundation. Only column are taken deep into subsoil and provided with foundation footing.
    4. Any load bearing wall should have minimum thickness of 200 mm. Exterior wall subjected to weathering elements are generally 200 mm thick. All other wall can be 100 mm thick or even thinner.
    5. Wall are usually constructed of bricks or stone. Column supporting beam supporting slab are all of R.C. C.
    6. In a multi-storeyed building for every wall in the floor above there must be a corresponding wall in continuation in the floor below to support it. There is no such necessity. As none of the walls are load bearing. Every floor may have wall independent of the one below it.
    7. In a multi – storeyed building the thickness of the wall increase as we descend from a floor above to one below it. These walls do not take the load and need not be thicker. They may not even continue in the floor below.
    8. A load bearing wall once constructed shall remain in position and should never be dismantled in full or part. The wall of framed structure can be displaced at will as they are lighter and non load bearing.
    9. This type of construction does not favor toomany openings for windows, doors, ventilation etc., in the ground floor as required for show room etc., as the load bearing length of wall is considerably reduced. The space between column can remains as open space as the case with multi – storeyed residential flats where the ground floor is left with no walls for easy parking of vehicle.
    10. In case of multi – storeyed buildings, the room area is reduced as we go down due to thicker walls. Thickness of wall remains uniform, therefore the carpet area in any floor remains the same.
    11. Plans of the different floors must be the same. Very little changes are only possible between one floor and the one above. Plans of different floor are independent of each floor. The ground floor may have a commercial complex, first floor an office or a bank and second floor onward of residential complexes of different types of plans and function within the same building.
    12. May not withstand seismic forces and other forces and other type of vibration because composed of different blocks as bricks and stones being bonded together. More rigid and withstand seismic forces because of the entire frame of column, beam and slabs act as one unit of R.C.C.
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Asked: October 5, 2020In: Construction Site Related

Why Back Sight is also called as Plus Sight?

Komal Bhandakkar
Komal Bhandakkar

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Why Back Sight is also called as Plus Sight?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on November 17, 2020 at 5:50 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Back Sight: Backsight is simply a first reading which is taken after setting up the instrument.  Why the backsight is also called plus sight: Only because the reading is taken of known elevation to continue taking foresight reading.  Thank You.

    Back Sight: Backsight is simply a first reading which is taken after setting up the instrument. 


    Why the backsight is also called plus sight:

    Only because the reading is taken of known elevation to continue taking foresight reading. 


    Thank You.

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Asked: November 5, 2017In: Construction Site Related

Shrinkage reinforcement direction and percentage in wing walls

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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What should be the quantity of reinforcement in percentage and its direction in wing walls?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on January 5, 2021 at 3:02 pm

    Make it simple. The quantity of rebar should be according to moment or min reqd. About the direction, simply find the direction of moment and give the rebars to resist them.

    Make it simple. The quantity of rebar should be according to moment or min reqd. About the direction, simply find the direction of moment and give the rebars to resist them.

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Asked: May 3, 2019In: Construction Site Related

Weight of Sand, Cement and Water for Mortar Mix Ratio 1:3

Sanjay
Sanjay

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How to calculate exactly the weight of sand cement and water in mix ratio 1:3?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 20, 2020 at 7:06 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Weight of different ingredient of Mortar 1:3 - Here, I will give you a simple way to calculate the weight of different ingredients in a mortar. The mortar ratio is 1:3, it simply means that the 1 part of cement is present and 3 part of sand is present in that type of mortar. Consider, w/c ratio = 0.Read more

    Weight of different ingredient of Mortar 1:3 –

    Here, I will give you a simple way to calculate the weight of different ingredients in a mortar.


    • The mortar ratio is 1:3, it simply means that the 1 part of cement is present and 3 part of sand is present in that type of mortar.
    • Consider, w/c ratio = 0.4
    • We are doing all calculation for 1kg of mortar.

    1 part = 1/(0.4+1+3) = 0.227


    Water Required =0.25 x 0.227 = 0.056kg


    Cement= 0.2247 kg


    Sand =3.15 x0.227 = 0.717 kg


    Thank You.  

     

     

     

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Asked: September 29, 2020In: Construction Site Related

What is Reinforced Soil?

nikeetasharma
nikeetasharma

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What is Reinforced Soil? State it’s advantages and disadvantages?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on November 17, 2020 at 5:52 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Reinforced soil: Meaning of Reinforced soil: Reinforced soil is simply a combination of compacted earth fill with the tensile reinforcement for creating an earth structure.  Advantages of reinforced soil: Less quantity of earth fill is required. The construction can be directly done on the soft grouRead more

    Reinforced soil:

    Meaning of Reinforced soil: Reinforced soil is simply a combination of compacted earth fill with the tensile reinforcement for creating an earth structure. 


    Advantages of reinforced soil:

    1. Less quantity of earth fill is required.

    2. The construction can be directly done on the soft ground.

    3. The structures can be quickly built as compared to any other conventional methods.

     Limitations of reinforced soil:

    • One of the biggest doubts about reinforcing soil is its durability.

    Thank You.

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Asked: May 16, 2020In: Construction Site Related

Admixtures in concrete for to Delay Setting Times

Ramesh Kumar
Ramesh Kumar

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How to calculate admixture for transporting concrete for long distances to delay setting time in case of long-distance transportation in transit mixers?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 5, 2020 at 10:21 pm

    The admixture which we use in the concrete for delaying its setting time then such type of admixtures are called as retarders. Gypsum is a retarding agent which we add in the cement during its manufacturing process. Gypsum is work as a starting agent as well as it restricts soundness in the cement.Read more

    The admixture which we use in the concrete for delaying its setting time then such type of admixtures are called as retarders.

    Gypsum is a retarding agent which we add in the cement during its manufacturing process.

    Gypsum is work as a starting agent as well as it restricts soundness in the cement.

    Apart from gypsum of various admixtures already listed in some previous post.

    The chemical name of gypsum is calcium sulphate.


    Thank you.

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