Environmental Engineering
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What are Methods to Reduces Ground water Contamination?
aviratdhodare
Contamination can reach groundwater in two ways - vertically or laterally. People can’t do much about lateral flow except by not providing a flow gradient. For example, if you live next to the sea and pump your fresh water well like crazy, you may provide a flow gradient for salt water in to your weRead more
Contamination can reach groundwater in two ways – vertically or laterally.
People can’t do much about lateral flow except by not providing a flow gradient. For example, if you live next to the sea and pump your fresh water well like crazy, you may provide a flow gradient for salt water in to your well.
Vertical contamination is another issue. You spill diesel onto the ground and it will percolate downwards. Simple physics.
Except the pollutants might not actually reach the water table. There may be layers of adsorpent (not absorbent) clays or scoria that hold the pollutants or delay them enough to break down. Or there may be a good impermeable barrier such as a clay layer that prevent movement at all.
Note that in old fashioned gravity filtration for water purification, bacterial and viral pollutants can be stopped by quite a thin layer of filter sand.
Of course, the best way to avoid vertical pollution is not to have pollutant spills.
See lessGive a brief explanation about BOD method.
AdityaBhandakkar
Hi, biological oxygen demand is an oxidation process. This test is performed in presence of air, therefore it is called the aerobic method. Procedure: It is my shirt by placing a water sample for incubation for a period of 5 days around 20 degree Celsius. Then the reduction in oxygen amount consumesRead more
Hi, biological oxygen demand is an oxidation process. This test is performed in presence of air, therefore it is called the aerobic method.
Procedure:
It is my shirt by placing a water sample for incubation for a period of 5 days around 20 degree Celsius. Then the reduction in oxygen amount consumes the amount of oxygen by aerobic organisms.
After five days biological oxygen demand can be calculated.
Generally, BOD is used for oxidising the natural organic matter and best in water as a cleaning process.
Increase in. BOD value shows harmful water and not suitable for domestic use.
See lessWhat is negative base flow in hydrograph in hydrology?
AdityaBhandakkar
In simple words, base flow is the flow of water under the ground between the precipitation and percolation. If the precipitation and percolation act on base flow it is called a negative base flow. In this case, the base flow is below the line of the depletion curve. Negative base-flow is also calledRead more
In simple words, base flow is the flow of water under the ground between the precipitation and percolation. If the precipitation and percolation act on base flow it is called a negative base flow. In this case, the base flow is below the line of the depletion curve. Negative base-flow is also called as bank storage.
It is also called as a draught flow or groundwater recession. The best floor is also called a fair-weather flow.
In civil engineering point of view, flow is very important for human population sustainability and balance in ecosystems.
Baseflow in the soil are depending upon the following factors:
Evapotranspiration is the main cause to reduce the base flow.
In negative base flow, the seepage of groundwater to the surface water for a very short period is reversed. The depletion curve is the recession curve, which is produced after the effect of groundwater seepage. And when the base flow is below the line of the depletion curve called a negative base flow.
See lessHow to minimize HCL acid fume and save the building and other mild steel structure from corrosion?
aviratdhodare
First of all, HCL does not react with clean steel, and it positively does not react with the metals which are alloyed within the steel. What HCL does is react with the oxide FeO, on the surface of the steel. This process is known in the steel business as “pickling”. When steel is hot-rolled and storRead more
First of all, HCL does not react with clean steel, and it positively does not react with the metals which are alloyed within the steel. What HCL does is react with the oxide FeO, on the surface of the steel. This process is known in the steel business as “pickling”. When steel is hot-rolled and stored for some time, it develops the oxide FeO on the surface. This oxide is very abrasive and would damage the rolls in the next processing step, which is cold rolling of the steel to a thinner gauge. So, the hot-rolled coils are run through a “pickle line”, where they are subjected to aqueous HCl, which removes the FeO. The coils are then clean (no FeO on the surface) and fit for cold rolling.
Well Fume hoods are used to minimize HCL acid fume.
See lessWhat was the percapita water consumption of India in 2019?
Suyogmuralkar
The per capita demand or per capita consumption is usually calculated for a specific city, area, or village for planning the water requirement of that area and to plan a specific water distribution system accordingly. so coming back to your we generally calculate per capita demand for a specific citRead more
The per capita demand or per capita consumption is usually calculated for a specific city, area, or village for planning the water requirement of that area and to plan a specific water distribution system accordingly. so coming back to your we generally calculate per capita demand for a specific city for example cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Banglore, Nagpur, etc
so generally we cannot calculate the water demand for a whole country or nation. instead of that, we calculate the water demand for specific areas.
I’m listing down some percapita demand of some cities in India .Hope it will helpyou in understanding things.
(note : per capita demand =current population*water demand/365*100)
See lessWhat is different between Artesian well and Flowing well?
AdityaBhandakkar
Artesian well: When the well is excavated in the confined aquifer, and the water in the well reach over the water table but not on the surface of the earth. Such a well known as an artesian well. Flowing Well: When a well is excavated in the confined aquifer, and the water is flowing over the well oRead more
Artesian well: When the well is excavated in the confined aquifer, and the water in the well reach over the water table but not on the surface of the earth. Such a well known as an artesian well.
Flowing Well: When a well is excavated in the confined aquifer, and the water is flowing over the well or on the surface of well. Such a well called as flowing well.
For any doubt, drop a comment.
See lessWhat is the Incoherence soil canal?
Himanshu joshi
Incoherence soil is a type of soil that is loose granular graded soil. It can be easily transported, deposited, and scoured easily. This soil generally has little or negligible cohesive force.so it is incoherent.
Incoherence soil is a type of soil that is loose granular graded soil. It can be easily transported, deposited, and scoured easily.
See lessThis soil generally has little or negligible cohesive force.so it is incoherent.
What is Waste Stabilization Pond?
Preet Chovatiya
Waste stabilize pond is a man-made structure or pond which is used for wastewater treatment and It will help to reduce organic content and as well as remove pathogens from wastewater. It involves the natural treatment process so It takes much more time to remove pathogens because of the slow removalRead more
Waste stabilize pond is a man-made structure or pond which is used for wastewater treatment and It will help to reduce organic content and as well as remove pathogens from wastewater.
It involves the natural treatment process so It takes much more time to remove pathogens because of the slow removal rate.
See less