Environmental Engineering

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vivek gami
vivek gami

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What is different between Artesian well and Flowing well?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    Artesian well: When the well is excavated in the confined aquifer, and the water in the well reach over the water table but not on the surface of the earth. Such a well known as an artesian well. Flowing Well: When a well is excavated in the confined aquifer, and the water is flowing over the well oRead more

    Artesian well: When the well is excavated in the confined aquifer, and the water in the well reach over the water table but not on the surface of the earth. Such a well known as an artesian well.

    Flowing Well: When a well is excavated in the confined aquifer, and the water is flowing over the well or on the surface of well. Such a well called as flowing well.

     

    For any doubt, drop a comment.

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Abinaya
Abinaya

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What was the actual percapita water consumption of India in 2019?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.
    What was the percapita water consumption of India in 2019?

    Per capita water consumption: Virtual water refers to the water included in the production of everything we eat, buy and wear. Following norms are adopted by government of India rural and urban water supply schemes in 2019: Rural- 55 lpcd Towns without sewerage -70 lpcd Cities with sewers- 135 lpcdRead more

    Per capita water consumption:

    Virtual water refers to the water included in the production of everything we eat, buy and wear.

    Following norms are adopted by government of India rural and urban water supply schemes in 2019:

    • Rural- 55 lpcd
    • Towns without sewerage -70 lpcd
    • Cities with sewers- 135 lpcd
    • Megacities with sewers- 150 lpcd

    Thank You.

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DHEERAJ NAKRA
DHEERAJ NAKRA

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What is Particulate Matter 10 (PM 10) in Air? How is it Measured?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.
    What is Particulate Matter 10 (PM 10) in Air?

    Particulate matter 10 in the air: Meaning of particulate matter 10: Particulate matter 10 is very small particles found in dust and smoke. They have a diameter of 10 micrometre Particulate matter 10 articles are a common air pollutant. We can measure particulate matter attained at some of our air moRead more

    Particulate matter 10 in the air:

    Meaning of particulate matter 10:

    • Particulate matter 10 is very small particles found in dust and smoke.
    • They have a diameter of 10 micrometre
    • Particulate matter 10 articles are a common air pollutant.
    • We can measure particulate matter attained at some of our air monitoring sites.

    Health effect of particulate matter 10:

    • These particles are small enough to get into your throat and lungs.
    • High levels of particulate matter 10 can make you cough, your nose run and eyes sting.
    • People with heart or lung conditions might have more symptoms when particulate matter 10 levels are high.
    • Symptoms can include in chest tightness or difficulty in breathing.

    I hope so my answer will give you more information about particulate matter 10 particles. Thank you.

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nikeetasharma
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explain the process of conducting BOD test in laboratory.

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

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    Give a brief explanation about BOD method.

    Biological oxygen demand(BOD): Biological oxygen demand is one of the clinical procedures which is used to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen which is needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to director organic material is present in given water samples and certain temperaturRead more

    Biological oxygen demand(BOD):

    Biological oxygen demand is one of the clinical procedures which is used to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen which is needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to director organic material is present in given water samples and certain temperature for a specific period.

    Biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand are different processes.

    To assess the quantity of surface water for the biological oxygen demand test and other purposes then it is important to understand the characteristics of dissolved oxygen content in water and wastewater.

    Thank you

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Muhammad Ariful Islam
Muhammad Ariful Islam

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HCL acid widely use in food industry for conducting CIP works (Cleaning in place) and home care industry for making toilet cleaner. If we release the fume on an environment where building and other  Mild still structure exist, it damages the ...

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.
    How to minimize HCL acid fume and save the building and other mild steel structure from corrosion?

    Corrosion protection: Corrosion of steel elements in a facade system may cause failure that can adversely affect building performance. Preventing or minimising the potential of Steel corrosion in a building involves; Examination of the surrounding environment Proper design of the facade system SelecRead more

    Corrosion protection:

    Corrosion of steel elements in a facade system may cause failure that can adversely affect building performance.

    Preventing or minimising the potential of Steel corrosion in a building involves;

    • Examination of the surrounding environment
    • Proper design of the facade system
    • Selecting a suitable Steel grade
    • Choosing an appropriate coating
    • Undertaking maintenance regularly.
    • Development of environmentally friendly and low-cost nanocoatings
    • Establishing locally validated corrosion rates of Steel elements.

    Thank you.

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    • 21
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Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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  What are the methods to reduce groundwater contamination? I want information about suitable methods for prevention of groundwater contamination.

  1. aviratdhodare

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    Contamination can reach groundwater in two ways - vertically or laterally. People can’t do much about lateral flow except by not providing a flow gradient. For example, if you live next to the sea and pump your fresh water well like crazy, you may provide a flow gradient for salt water in to your weRead more

    Contamination can reach groundwater in two ways – vertically or laterally.

    People can’t do much about lateral flow except by not providing a flow gradient. For example, if you live next to the sea and pump your fresh water well like crazy, you may provide a flow gradient for salt water in to your well.

    Vertical contamination is another issue. You spill diesel onto the ground and it will percolate downwards. Simple physics.

    Except the pollutants might not actually reach the water table. There may be layers of adsorpent (not absorbent) clays or scoria that hold the pollutants or delay them enough to break down. Or there may be a good impermeable barrier such as a clay layer that prevent movement at all.

    Note that in old fashioned gravity filtration for water purification, bacterial and viral pollutants can be stopped by quite a thin layer of filter sand.

    Of course, the best way to avoid vertical pollution is not to have pollutant spills.

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Anjana
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How to maintain indoor air quality in sustainable buildings?

  1. Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

    Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

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    The ways in which we can maintain the indoor Air Quality in sustainable buildings are 1- Maximum use of daylight. 2- Installation of the operable windows. 3- Give occupants the control of temperature and ventilation. 4- Residents have the option of lighting control. 5- Used of ergonomic furniture inRead more

    The ways in which we can maintain the indoor Air Quality in sustainable buildings are

    1- Maximum use of daylight.
    2- Installation of the operable windows.
    3- Give occupants the control of temperature and ventilation.
    4- Residents have the option of lighting control.
    5- Used of ergonomic furniture in the buildings.
    6- Provision of suitable acoustic design.
    7- Regularly conduct the occupant survey to ensure the quality of the air in the buildings.

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vivek gami
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What is negative base flow in hydrograph in hydrology?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    What is negative base flow in hydrograph in hydrology?

    In simple words, base flow is the flow of water under the ground between the precipitation and percolation. If the precipitation and percolation act on base flow it is called a negative base flow. In this case, the base flow is below the line of the depletion curve. Negative base-flow is also calledRead more

    In simple words, base flow is the flow of water under the ground between the precipitation and percolation. If the precipitation and percolation act on base flow it is called a negative base flow. In this case, the base flow is below the line of the depletion curve. Negative base-flow is also called as bank storage.

    It is also called as a draught flow or groundwater recession. The best floor is also called a fair-weather flow.

    In civil engineering point of view, flow is very important for human population sustainability and balance in ecosystems.

    Baseflow in the soil are depending upon the following factors:

    1. Voids like micropores and macropores.
    2. Conditions of fracture in soil
    3. Some geomorphic conditions

    Evapotranspiration is the main cause to reduce the base flow.

    In negative base flow, the seepage of groundwater to the surface water for a very short period is reversed. The depletion curve is the recession curve, which is produced after the effect of groundwater seepage. And when the base flow is below the line of the depletion curve called a negative base flow.

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