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Asked: November 28, 2020In: Construction

How the properties of reflection can be used in material selection a building?

jusinovation jusinovation
jusinovation jusinovation

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How the properties of reflection can be used in the material selection a building?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on December 18, 2020 at 9:57 pm

    The property of reflection can be used for the selection of material like glass for windows, tiles, etc.

    The property of reflection can be used for the selection of material like glass for windows, tiles, etc.

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Asked: November 30, 2017In: Construction

What are the types of slabs and how to design them?

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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Can you tell me types of slabs? And how can we design them?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare
    Added an answer on August 17, 2020 at 8:40 am

    Flat slab - Flat slab is minimum 8″ or 0.2m. Slab without drop and column without column head(capital). Slab with drop and column without column head. Slab without drop and column with column head. Slab with drop and column with column head. Conventional slab - conventional slab is 4″ or 10cm. 5″ toRead more

    Flat slab – Flat slab is minimum 8″ or 0.2m.

    1. Slab without drop and column without column head(capital).
    2. Slab with drop and column without column head.
    3. Slab without drop and column with column head.
    4. Slab with drop and column with column head.


    Conventional slab – conventional slab is 4″ or 10cm. 5″ to 6″ inches

    1. One-Way Slab
    2. Two-Way Slab

    Hollow core ribbed slab

    hollow core ribbed slab

    Hardy slab

    1. One way Hardy Slab
    2. Two way Hardy slab

    Waffle slab

    1. Triangular pod system
    2. Square pod system

    Dome slab

    dome slab

    Pitch roof slab

    Pitch roof slab

    Slab with arches

    arch slab

    Post tension slab

    post tension slab

    Pre tension Slab

    Low roof slab

    Projected slab

    projected slab

    Grads Slab/ Slab on grade

    slab with sand and concreteconcrete slab

    Sunken Slab

    sunken slab below ground level

     

    a) Effective span of slab:

    Effective span of slab shall be lesser of the two

    1. L = clear span + d (effective depth )

    2. L = Center to center distance between the support

    b) Depth of slab:

    The depth of slab depends on bending moment and deflection criterion. the trail depth can be obtained using:

    • Effective depth d= Span /((L/d)Basic x modification factor)
    • For obtaining modification factor, the percentage of steel for slab can be assumed from 0.2 to 0.5%.
    • The effective depth d of two way slabs can also be assumed using cl.24.1,IS 456 provided short span is 3.5m and loading class is <3.5KN/m2

    Type of support

    Simply supported

    Fe-250 – L/35

    Fe-415 – L/28

    Continuous support

    Fe-250 – L/40

    Fe-415 – L/32

    Or, the following thumb rules can be used:

    • One way slab d=(L/22) to (L/28).
    • Two way simply supported slab d=(L/20) to (L/30)
    • Two way restrained slab d=(L/30) to (L/32)

    c) Load on slab:

    The load on slab comprises of Dead load, floor finish and live load. The loads are calculated per unit area (load/m2).

    Dead load = D x 25 kN/m2 ( Where D is thickness of slab in m)

    Floor finish (Assumed as)= 1 to 2 kN/m2

    Live load (Assumed as) = 3 to 5 kN/m2 (depending on the occupancy of the building)

    Detailing Requirements of RCC Slab as per IS456: 2000

    a) Nominal Cover:

    For Mild exposure – 20 mm

    For Moderate exposure – 30 mm

    However, if the diameter of bar do not exceed 12 mm, or cover may be reduced by 5 mm. Thus for main reinforcement up to 12 mm diameter bar and for mild exposure, the nominal cover is 15 mm.

    b) Minimum reinforcement: The reinforcement in either direction in slab shall not be less than

    • 0.15% of the total cross sectional area for Fe-250 steel
    • 0.12% of the total cross-sectional area for Fe-415 & Fe-500 steel.

    c) Spacing of bars: The maximum spacing of bars shall not exceed

    • Main Steel – 3d or 300 mm whichever is smaller
    • Distribution steel –5d or 450 mm whichever is smaller Where, ‘d’ is the effective depth of slab. Note: The minimum clear spacing of bars is not kept less than 75 mm (Preferably 100 mm) though code do not recommend any value.

    d) Maximum diameter of bar: The maximum diameter of bar in slab, shall not exceed D/8, where D is the total thickness of slab.

     

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Asked: May 26, 2020In: Construction

What is the Difference between Screed Concrete and Brick Bat Coba Waterproofing?

amr soliman
amr soliman

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What is the difference between screed concrete and brickbat coba waterproofing? Which is the best of both?

  1. Madeh Izat Hamakareem

    Madeh Izat Hamakareem

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    Added an answer on May 27, 2020 at 1:35 am

    Brickbat Coba waterproofing is an effective way of providing waterproofing and insulation for thermal comfort for flat RCC roofs to prevent leakage of water. It is one of the oldest procedures of waterproofing, which consists of laying brickbats on the flat RCC roof and grouting the same with waterpRead more

    Brickbat Coba waterproofing is an effective way of providing waterproofing and insulation for thermal comfort for flat RCC roofs to prevent leakage of water.

    It is one of the oldest procedures of waterproofing, which consists of laying brickbats on the flat RCC roof and grouting the same with waterproofing compound with a slope to drain the surface water.

    for more detail please visit the following link:

    https://test.theconstructor.org/concrete/brickbat-waterproofing-procedure-disadvantages/39280/

    Concrete screed is a construction element laid in a range of thicknesses whose purpose is to bring the installation surface of the concrete flooring to the design height and to provide a surface suitable for installing the specified flooring.

    for more detail please visit the following link:

    https://test.theconstructor.org/concrete/concrete-screed-properties/17132/

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Asked: July 24, 2020In: Construction

What is the difference between Tender and Quotation?

vivek gami
vivek gami

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What is the difference between Tender and Quotation?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    nikeetasharma Guru
    Added an answer on November 29, 2020 at 4:03 pm

    Quotations are requested where the value of goods and/or services is less than $150,000. Tenders, as a rule are called for contracts in excess of $150,000. Every business has to give its customers prices for its products or services.

    Quotations are requested where the value of goods and/or services is less than $150,000. Tenders, as a rule are called for contracts in excess of $150,000. Every business has to give its customers prices for its products or services.

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Asked: September 19, 2020In: Construction

Architect’s Transaction Price and how it is Allocated to the Performance Obligations

blooplope
blooplope

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information given to us: The Architect was hired to create drawings to construct a building The Contractor says the drawings were defective The Owner failed to make sure fixtures and equipment for the building were delivered on time The Contractor was the winning ...

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Komal Bhandakkar AUTHOR
    Added an answer on October 3, 2020 at 11:27 am
    Architect’s Transaction Price and how it is Allocated to the Performance Obligations

    Allocating the transaction price to the performance application in a contract with a customer is essential for revenue recognition. First of all, identification of the performance of obligations in the contract and determination of a transaction price is beneficial for reaching the entities TransactRead more

    Allocating the transaction price to the performance application in a contract with a customer is essential for revenue recognition.

    First of all, identification of the performance of obligations in the contract and determination of a transaction price is beneficial for reaching the entities

    Transaction price also reflects the consideration of the entity except to receive was it meets the performance of applications in the contract.

    Actually, allocation of the the transaction price is done totally based on the performance of applications in the contract.

    The overall objective of allocating the transaction price is to arrive at an allocation that represents the amount of considering the entity.


     

     

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Asked: June 18, 2020In: Construction

What is the Time period of a building and its relation with frequency?

Rohan Chaugule
Rohan Chaugule

Rohan Chaugule

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What is the Time period of a building and its relation with frequency?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Komal Bhandakkar AUTHOR
    Added an answer on October 20, 2020 at 5:33 pm
    This answer was edited.
    What is the Time period of a building and its relation with frequency?

    Period of building and its relation with frequency:   Natural period: The natural period of a building is simply a time taken by it to undergo one complete cycle of oscillation. The natural period is one of the properties or building which is controlled by mass and stiffness. Formula to find out natRead more

    Period of building and its relation with frequency:

      Natural period:

    • The natural period of a building is simply a time taken by it to undergo one complete cycle of oscillation.
    • The natural period is one of the properties or building which is controlled by mass and stiffness.
    • Formula to find out natural period is,

    Tn =2π√(m/k) where,

    • Tn is a natural period of building.
    • m is mass
    • k is stiffness

    Reciprocal of the natural period of a building is nothing but the natural frequency and its unit is Hertz(Hz)


    Thank you.

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Asked: July 16, 2020In: Construction

What is the CBR value for sub grade in road construction?

fathima
fathima

fathima

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What is the CBR value for sub grade in road construction?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on November 29, 2020 at 4:32 pm

    A clayey soil generally has a low CBR value (less than 8). Sands are more granular and drain better and will generally have CBR values between 15 and 35. Gravel will have the best CBR values, generally 25 and up. That is why it is suggested to save the best material to cap the subgrade.

    A clayey soil generally has a low CBR value (less than 8). Sands are more granular and drain better and will generally have CBR values between 15 and 35. Gravel will have the best CBR values, generally 25 and up. That is why it is suggested to save the best material to cap the subgrade.

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Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction

Is there any mapping of on going large construction projects in India?

dbnalawade
dbnalawade

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This will help construction professionals to approach to projects for site recruitment. Is there any mapping of ongoing large construction projects in India?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 11, 2020 at 12:00 am
    Is there any mapping of on going large construction projects in India?

    India metro rail project : In today's technological world, an ongoing large construction project is India metro rail project. Here I will be discussing on India metro rail project in detail. Introduction : New metro rail (that is Subway) systems present are in under construction and bringing about sRead more

    India metro rail project :

    In today’s technological world, an ongoing large construction project is India metro rail project.

    Here I will be discussing on India metro rail project in detail.


    Introduction :

    New metro rail (that is Subway) systems present are in under construction and bringing about so many changes in more than 15 Indian cities.


    Important key figures :

    • Length of the operational rout: 673.2 kilometre
    •  length of under construction route: 467.87 km
    • Length of the approved route: 457.56 km

    Interesting fact:

    • First oldest metro rail system: Kolkata Metro
    • Newest metro rail system: Nagpur Metro
    • Largest metro system: Delhi Metro
    • Smallest metro system: Ahmedabad Metro

     

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