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Emmyvin
Emmyvin

Emmyvin

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What is the life span of a building without any defects and any complaint?

  1. Preet Chovatiya

    Preet Chovatiya

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    Preet Chovatiya Learner

    The life span of a building generally depends on geographical location, and it is different in country wise. Here I explain the life span of the building and their components in India are as below: The average life span of a concrete building is 75 to 100 years. the lifespan of building the componenRead more

    The life span of a building generally depends on geographical location, and it is different in country wise. Here I explain the life span of the building and their components in India are as below:

    The average life span of a concrete building is 75 to 100 years. the lifespan of building the componentwise table is attached below:

    The lifespan of Concrete Building Component wise

     

     

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    • 1
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aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

aviratdhodare

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Can a random rubble masonry retaining wall withstand the high impact of water during floods, if the walls are built on both sides of a canal. And how can we check if the design of the wall was sufficient?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    You start asking about ‘High Impact’ from flood waters. Generally flood waters is not High Impact unless a dam collapses or you have an extreme flash flood. Usually if you are at a canal you will have fast water eroding the base of the wall or pushing the rubble masonry wall as the water goes througRead more

    You start asking about ‘High Impact’ from flood waters. Generally flood waters is not High Impact unless a dam collapses or you have an extreme flash flood. Usually if you are at a canal you will have fast water eroding the base of the wall or pushing the rubble masonry wall as the water goes through the canals.

    To check if the design of the wall is sufficient see if any design calculations were filed with the local municipality or water agency. The calcs should identify the design water speed and height. If no calcs then you need an engineer to review the construction of the wall.

    If you can’t afford an engineer first look at the base of the wall. Is there exposed dirt, is erosion already occurring? Look for photos from a few years ago to see if the wall has changed. Check the upstream ends of the walls on both sides. Are they flared out and do they extend below grade into the earth. If the rubble is just on the surface at the upstream then as the fast water rises it will undermine the wall and it will fail one piece at a time.

    A random rubble masonry wall can survive a flood if correctly designed but the only way to know for sure is to have another engineer review the wall.

    Usually a RR retaining wall is constructed in embankments (above the linings) of canal when the lateral force from the soil behind is considerably high due to various factors. During the floods, this force will exert more pressure. If the slope and base width of the wall is not designed properly, it will fail. Hence the design parameters should include this eventuality. (Max. Lateral pressure with a minimum factor of safety 1.50). Sometimes there is no need for cement mortar and the tiny gaps will be help full to act as weep holes.

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Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

Gopal Mishra

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What are the difference between Tender and Contract Documents? Can we mention tender documents as contract document while issuing LOA to  the Contractor. if no then what is the difference?

  1. Gopal Mishra

    Gopal Mishra

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    Gopal Mishra

    To understand the difference between tender documents and contract documents, first we have to understand what these documents contain. Tender Documents: A tender is an offer in writing to contractors to execute the some specified works or to supply specified materials within a fixed time frame andRead more

    To understand the difference between tender documents and contract documents, first we have to understand what these documents contain.

    Tender Documents:

    A tender is an offer in writing to contractors to execute the some specified works or to supply specified materials within a fixed time frame and as per conditions of contract and agreement between the contractor and the owner or the department or the party.

    The tender documents contains the bill of quantities (BOQ), specifications of the works to be carried out, time frame for the completion of the work, conditions of the contract and plans and drawings. These documents are provided to the contractor on the payment of certain fees. The contractor who quotes the lowest rates for the overall works are offer the contract to execute the work.

    Contract Documents:

    Contract documents are the agreement between the owner or the party or the department and the contractor to execute the works as specified in the tender documents as per conditions of contract on the rates quoted by the contractor.

    The difference between Tender and Contract Documents:

    The difference here to be noted is that tender documents are offered to as many contractors as possible to get the lowest quotes for the work specified, while the contract documents are signed only with the contractor with lowest tender or rates.

    While the tender documents contains the conditions of contract and all the details for the specified work, there is not much difference between the two in terms of contents. But tender documents can not be submitted as Letter of Acceptance (LOA) as these are two different types of documents. While a tender document can not bind the contractor to do the work, a contract document binds the contractor to complete the work as per the agreement.

    Simple Example to understand the difference between tender and contract documents:

    When you are selected for a job in a company you are offered offer letter to join the company. But getting selected in a company does not mean that you join the same company, you may have other offer letters as well. But when you sign the letter of acceptance (LOA) for the job, you are bound to join the company. So, here offer letter from the company is a tender document and LOA is the contract document.

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amr soliman
amr soliman

amr soliman

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What are the common roof types?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    nikeetasharma Guru

    Roof is the most important part of the building. Thus, we can say without roof our building or house is incomplete. There are many types of roofs available which are classified on the basis of their shape and size. Hence, knowing your roof style also can help you to decide what roof material or shinRead more

    Roof is the most important part of the building. Thus, we can say without roof our building or house is incomplete. There are many types of roofs available which are classified on the basis of their shape and size. Hence, knowing your roof style also can help you to decide what roof material or shingle works is best for your home.

    Some of the common roof types are as follows ;
    1. Saltbox Roofs
    2. Mansard Roofs
    3. Gambrel Roofs
    4. Pyramid Roofs
    5. Hip Roofs
    6. Cross Gabled Roofs
    7. Flat Roofs
    8. Bonnet Roofs
    9. Skillion Roofs
    10. Sawtooth
    11. Butterfly Roofs
    12. Curved Roofs
    13. Domed Roofs

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    • 17
Asked: In:
GK
GK

GK

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What should be the height of the plinth level in flood-prone areas?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    Plinth levels of all buildings should be 0.6 m above the drainage/flood submersion levels under the mean annual flood. All the buildings should preferably be two or more storeys. In single-storey buildings, a stairway must be provided to the roofs which could be used as temporary shelter for which rRead more

    1. Plinth levels of all buildings should be 0.6 m above the drainage/flood submersion levels under the mean annual flood.
    2. All the buildings should preferably be two or more storeys.
    3. In single-storey buildings, a stairway must be provided to the roofs which could be used as temporary shelter for which roof should be made of flat type.
    4. The roof levels of the single-storey buildings and the first floor level in double-storey buildings should be kept above 100-year flood levels.

    For more detailed guidelines, follow the Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council

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Asked: In:
nikeetasharma
nikeetasharma

nikeetasharma

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Guru

what is the effect of dewatering on the soil?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    Potential Groundwater Impacts of Dewatering ·        Contamination Dewatering can cause the advancement of hydraulic gradients that are additionally fundamental for drawing out water towards wells. Dewatering close to a site with a background marked by contamination in groundwater can bring out hydrRead more

    Potential Groundwater Impacts of Dewatering

    ·        Contamination

    Dewatering can cause the advancement of hydraulic gradients that are additionally fundamental for drawing out water towards wells. Dewatering close to a site with a background marked by contamination in groundwater can bring out hydraulic gradients that can convey the dirtied groundwater towards the dewatering framework and cause contamination. By and large, polluted water requires filtration. To evade this issue, the best technique is to introduce screen dividers and vertically separate regions utilizing bentonite seals.

    ·        Geotechnical Damage

    Dewatering can make the ground lose coherence; the result leads to ground settling. If the ground settling is vast, it can harm close by building and structures. When groundwater is removed from the soil, it makes the soil pack and squeeze. It can likewise also caused by small soil & shallow grounds being removed with the groundwater through well.

    This effect can be diminished by a better plan and the utilization of good filtration and groundwater treatment that keep the particles from being separated.

    ·        Impacts on Water Features

    Things that depend on the water like rivers, lakes, and springs have a cozy relationship with groundwater and are, in this way, influenced by dewatering and groundwater control by prohibition. It is essential to keep in mind that groundwater and water-dependent things have eco-systems and fill in as territories. An unfriendly impact of these water bodies will have a huge -ve effect on the earth.

    ·        Water Resource Depletion

    When groundwater is removed for longer periods and in huge amounts for personal or commercial use, it can conceivably bring down groundwater levels and reduce yields. This exhaustion brings about a decrease in significant water assets for other people. An answer to this issue can be an artificial recharge method that infuses release from siphon water back in the ground.

    Conclusion

    It is crucial to perceive and decrease the effects of dewatering and groundwater control on the earth as dependable residents of the world. We should embrace great construction dewatering treatment system design, examination strategies, and better groundwater remediation innovation to alleviate these issues before it is past the point of no return.

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