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Asked: September 8, 2020In: Construction

What are the advantages of Porotherm bricks?

aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

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What are the advantages of Porotherm bricks?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 11, 2020 at 12:00 am
    What are the advantages of Porotherm bricks?

    Porotherm bricks are perforated clay brick. It is perforated horizontally or vertically. Size: 400 x 200 x 200mm It is a natural brick which has thermal insulation made from coal ash, natural clay and rice husk. Following are some advantages of porotherm bricks: Very good strength: compressive strenRead more

    Porotherm bricks are perforated clay brick. It is perforated horizontally or vertically.

    Size: 400 x 200 x 200mm

    It is a natural brick which has thermal insulation made from coal ash, natural clay and rice husk.

    Following are some advantages of porotherm bricks:

    1. Very good strength: compressive strength of brick is greater than 3.5 mm. The presence of terracotta gives higher strength to the bricks.
    2. Thermal insulation; due to its perforation it has high thermal insulation characteristics.
    3. Durability: perforated bricks have a water absorption ratio is around 15% which reduces the probability of cracks, dampness and shrinkage of walls. Also due to the high compressive strength and characteristics of fire resistance also make it highly durable and long-lasting.
    4. Economical: due to the method of perforation it reduces the manufacturing cost which saves energy and operating cost. This type of bricks balance the inner temperature with an outer temperature and avoid the usage of AC or heater in summer and winter respectively.
    5. Friendly to the environment: this brick can be recycled. all the materials for manufacturing of these bricks are natural which does not cause any allergic effect to the environment.
    6. Increases construction speed: for the construction of the wall made with porotherm bricks does not need curing. Due to its lightweight handling is easy and quick which reduces effective labour time.
    7. Porotherm bricks should be cut with a chisel and can be fixed at a fissure cracks. This breaks n sure a dry and clean site with fast construction.
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Asked: July 16, 2020In: Construction

What is the difference between DCP test and CBR test?

fathima
fathima

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What is the difference between DCP test and CBR test?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 8, 2020 at 11:14 pm
    What is the difference between DCP test and CBR test?

    Difference between DPC and CBR test: Here, some important differences between DPC and CBR test are listed below; (Also refer the above diagram for a clear understanding of the above concept) Actually, the DPC test requires less time to perform as compared to CBR test In the DPC test, no need for samRead more

    Difference between DPC and CBR test:

    Here, some important differences between DPC and CBR test are listed below;

    (Also refer the above diagram for a clear understanding of the above concept)

    • Actually, the DPC test requires less time to perform as compared to CBR test
    • In the DPC test, no need for sample preparation, since it is directly done on the ground
    • DPC test is very simple and quick as compare to CBR test
    • More skill is required to perform the CBR test
    • The instrument handling is very simple and easy in DPC test
    • CBR test is conducted on material collected from the site
    • Equipment of CBR test is more complex
    • CBR test requires more time to give result
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Asked: July 16, 2020In: Construction

What is the CBR value for sub grade in road construction?

fathima
fathima

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What is the CBR value for sub grade in road construction?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on November 29, 2020 at 4:32 pm

    A clayey soil generally has a low CBR value (less than 8). Sands are more granular and drain better and will generally have CBR values between 15 and 35. Gravel will have the best CBR values, generally 25 and up. That is why it is suggested to save the best material to cap the subgrade.

    A clayey soil generally has a low CBR value (less than 8). Sands are more granular and drain better and will generally have CBR values between 15 and 35. Gravel will have the best CBR values, generally 25 and up. That is why it is suggested to save the best material to cap the subgrade.

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Asked: September 8, 2020In: Construction

Can we place a 500 liter water tank on a 2″ Kadapa slab placed at 6 feet height supported by two solid block walls?

aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

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Can we place a 500-liter water tank on a 2″ Kadapa slab placed at 6 feet height supported by two solid block walls?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 19, 2020 at 2:24 pm
    Can we place a 500 liter water tank on a 2″ Kadapa slab placed at 6 feet height supported by two solid block walls?

    Hi, Kadappa stone of 2" ( 50.8mm ) having its density in the range of 5.0 to 5.4 kg/cm^3 with a water absorption ratio of less than 2%. After calculation, you may found that at 6-meter height, it is not able to bear the weight of a 500-liter water tank. Thus, support in the middle must be provided fRead more

    Hi,

    Kadappa stone of 2″ ( 50.8mm ) having its density in the range of 5.0 to 5.4 kg/cm^3 with a water absorption ratio of less than 2%.

    After calculation, you may found that at 6-meter height, it is not able to bear the weight of a 500-liter water tank.

    Thus, support in the middle must be provided for stability and to increase the bearing strength of kadapa so that it lasts for a long duration.

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Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction

What are the type of Cadding work in Wall and Roof?

Vivek Patel
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What are the type of Cadding work in Wall and Roof?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on October 15, 2020 at 4:32 pm

    Cladding is the application of one material over another to provide a skin or layer. In construction, cladding is used to provide a degree of thermal insulation and weather resistance, and to improve the appearance of buildings. Some of the types of cladding are as follows :- 1. Brick cladding 2. MeRead more

    Cladding is the application of one material over another to provide a skin or layer. In construction, cladding is used to provide a degree of thermal insulation and weather resistance, and to improve the appearance of buildings.

    Some of the types of cladding are as follows :-
    1. Brick cladding
    2. Metal cladding
    3. Wood cladding
    4. Stone cladding
    5. Glass cladding
    6. Concrete cladding and so on.

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Asked: November 30, 2017In: Construction

What are the types of slabs and how to design them?

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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Can you tell me types of slabs? And how can we design them?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on August 17, 2020 at 8:40 am

    Flat slab - Flat slab is minimum 8″ or 0.2m. Slab without drop and column without column head(capital). Slab with drop and column without column head. Slab without drop and column with column head. Slab with drop and column with column head. Conventional slab - conventional slab is 4″ or 10cm. 5″ toRead more

    Flat slab – Flat slab is minimum 8″ or 0.2m.

    1. Slab without drop and column without column head(capital).
    2. Slab with drop and column without column head.
    3. Slab without drop and column with column head.
    4. Slab with drop and column with column head.


    Conventional slab – conventional slab is 4″ or 10cm. 5″ to 6″ inches

    1. One-Way Slab
    2. Two-Way Slab

    Hollow core ribbed slab

    hollow core ribbed slab

    Hardy slab

    1. One way Hardy Slab
    2. Two way Hardy slab

    Waffle slab

    1. Triangular pod system
    2. Square pod system

    Dome slab

    dome slab

    Pitch roof slab

    Pitch roof slab

    Slab with arches

    arch slab

    Post tension slab

    post tension slab

    Pre tension Slab

    Low roof slab

    Projected slab

    projected slab

    Grads Slab/ Slab on grade

    slab with sand and concreteconcrete slab

    Sunken Slab

    sunken slab below ground level

     

    a) Effective span of slab:

    Effective span of slab shall be lesser of the two

    1. L = clear span + d (effective depth )

    2. L = Center to center distance between the support

    b) Depth of slab:

    The depth of slab depends on bending moment and deflection criterion. the trail depth can be obtained using:

    • Effective depth d= Span /((L/d)Basic x modification factor)
    • For obtaining modification factor, the percentage of steel for slab can be assumed from 0.2 to 0.5%.
    • The effective depth d of two way slabs can also be assumed using cl.24.1,IS 456 provided short span is 3.5m and loading class is <3.5KN/m2

    Type of support

    Simply supported

    Fe-250 – L/35

    Fe-415 – L/28

    Continuous support

    Fe-250 – L/40

    Fe-415 – L/32

    Or, the following thumb rules can be used:

    • One way slab d=(L/22) to (L/28).
    • Two way simply supported slab d=(L/20) to (L/30)
    • Two way restrained slab d=(L/30) to (L/32)

    c) Load on slab:

    The load on slab comprises of Dead load, floor finish and live load. The loads are calculated per unit area (load/m2).

    Dead load = D x 25 kN/m2 ( Where D is thickness of slab in m)

    Floor finish (Assumed as)= 1 to 2 kN/m2

    Live load (Assumed as) = 3 to 5 kN/m2 (depending on the occupancy of the building)

    Detailing Requirements of RCC Slab as per IS456: 2000

    a) Nominal Cover:

    For Mild exposure – 20 mm

    For Moderate exposure – 30 mm

    However, if the diameter of bar do not exceed 12 mm, or cover may be reduced by 5 mm. Thus for main reinforcement up to 12 mm diameter bar and for mild exposure, the nominal cover is 15 mm.

    b) Minimum reinforcement: The reinforcement in either direction in slab shall not be less than

    • 0.15% of the total cross sectional area for Fe-250 steel
    • 0.12% of the total cross-sectional area for Fe-415 & Fe-500 steel.

    c) Spacing of bars: The maximum spacing of bars shall not exceed

    • Main Steel – 3d or 300 mm whichever is smaller
    • Distribution steel –5d or 450 mm whichever is smaller Where, ‘d’ is the effective depth of slab. Note: The minimum clear spacing of bars is not kept less than 75 mm (Preferably 100 mm) though code do not recommend any value.

    d) Maximum diameter of bar: The maximum diameter of bar in slab, shall not exceed D/8, where D is the total thickness of slab.

     

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Asked: July 13, 2020In: Construction

What are the functions of earth retaining walls, boundary walls, load-bearing walls, and non-load-bearing walls?

tinokudzaishechiwarira
tinokudzaishechiwarira

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What are the functions of earth retaining walls, boundary walls, load-bearing walls, and non-load-bearing walls?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

    AdityaBhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 18, 2020 at 6:36 pm

    Functions: Earth Retaining Wall: Resist lateral pressure due to any material hold back by the wall. Used to retain soil, resist soil to flow in slopes, provides strong and stiff structure. Boundary wall: This type of wall used to protect home, gardens or any construction from surrounding hazards(likRead more

    Functions:

    1. Earth Retaining Wall: Resist lateral pressure due to any material hold back by the wall. Used to retain soil, resist soil to flow in slopes, provides strong and stiff structure.
    2. Boundary wall: This type of wall used to protect home, gardens or any construction from surrounding hazards(like animals, theifs etc). This also provides to maintain privacy to the building.
    3. Load Bearing Wall: As the name suggests, it is used to bear loads from the upper structure and transfer to lower structure (i.e beam, slab, column and foundation).These walls used in load-bearing structures.
    4. Non Load bearing wall: It is simply a partition wall, used to maintain privacy between rooms and blocks. It does not take any load. Partition walls may be constructed after construction according to the demand of the owner
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Asked: July 10, 2020In: Construction

What is Reinforced Brick Masonry?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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What is Reinforced Brick Masonry? Explain the method of construction.

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 8, 2020 at 11:25 pm
    What is Reinforced Brick Masonry?

    Reinforced brick masonry (R.B. Masonry) : Definition: Composite structural material that consists of load-bearing brickwork masonry with reinforcement. Important parameter regarding reinforced brick masonry: A suitable length of metal (usually it is steel) is inserted in brickwork for proper bond foRead more

    Reinforced brick masonry

    (R.B. Masonry) :

    Definition:

    Composite structural material that consists of load-bearing brickwork masonry with reinforcement.


    Important parameter regarding reinforced brick masonry:

    • A suitable length of metal (usually it is steel) is inserted in brickwork for proper bond formation.
    • Appropriate formation of the bond is essential because to render the resultant composite capable of resisting not only the compressive stresses but also the tensile and shear stresses which can obtain in a structure.

    Construction materials needed :

    • First-class brick
    • Reinforcement (Wrought iron, flat bar, Steel meshes)
    • Cement mortar (1 : 3)

    Applications of reinforced brick masonry :

    • It is used in columns and piers
    • In brick arches, reinforced brickwork is preferred
    • Nowadays, reinforced brickwork is used in brick slab
    • It is also used in reinforced beam

    Advantages of reinforced brick masonry over conventional brick masonry :

    • Lower cost housing
    • Reinforced brick masonry plays an important role during an earthquake
    • Lowest labour cost
    • It gives weather protection
    • It is cheaply supervised
    • It provides additional strength to our structure

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